Hollow carbon spheres, synthesis and applications – a review

Li, Sijin; Pasc, Andreea; Fierro, Vanessa

doi:10.1039/c6ta03802f

Cited by 285 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Templating including hard and soft template method has been widely used to synthesize MHCs [8][9][10][11]. Generally, the morphology and the monodispersity of the as-prepared hollow products by soft template method are less satisfactory than that by hard template due to the polydispersity and dynamics [12]. Hence, the method based on hard template has been commonly employed to prepare MHCs due to the better control of morphology, mesoporous structure and monodispersity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fe modified mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Fe modified hollow carbon spheres with large cavity and mesoporous shell (Fe-MHCs) were successfully synthesized by a simple pyrolysis and simultaneous deposition method. The organic molecules gases (carbon species) from pyrolysis of polystyrene deposited in the hard template at the catalysis of Fe species existing in the sample during calcination at high temperature. The obtained Fe-MHCs showed uniform spherical morphology with large surface area (924 m 2 g -1 ), mesoporous structure and a certain amount of Fe loaded. The Fe species and the special structure endowed the materials excellent catalytic activity in the oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone. The conversion of 94.5% and the high selectivity to targeted product (97.4%) could be achieved and the acceptable recycling stability was also exhibited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some polymers (e.g., resol, pitch, polyaniline, polyacrylonitrile) can act as carbon precursor due to their commercial availability [12]. Polystyrene (PS), a typical polymer, has been widely used in packaging and is a major source of 'white pollution' [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe modified mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26], could also serve as a hard template for the synthesis of hollow nanostructures [14,25]. Various techniques including hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) [26], chemical vapor deposition [27], ultrasonic-spray [28], and catalytic pyrolysis of polymers [29,30], have been applied to synthesize CSs with tunable diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple green approach to synthesis of sub-100 nm carbon spheres as template for TiO2 hollow nanospheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

et al. 2018

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Carbon spheres (CSs) have attracted great attention given their wide applications in bio-diagnostics, photonic band-gap crystals and drug delivery, etc. The morphology and size of CSs greatly affect their performances and applications. Herein, we report a green and catalyst-free hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method to synthesize CSs with glucose as carbon precursor. The diameter of CSs can be tuned within a wide range from 450 to 40 nm by controlling the glucose concentration, reaction time and temperature. Using the obtained CSs as template, hollow TiO 2 nanospheres (HTNSs) with controllable diameters are prepared via a sol-gel method. As photocatalysts for hydrogen generation, the photoactivity of the HTNSs shows strong dependence upon size, and is much higher than that of solid TiO 2 . With particle size decreasing, the photoactivity of the obtained HTNSs gradually increases. Without any co-catalyst, the highest photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity is obtained with HTNSs of 40 nm in diameter, which exceeds that of solid TiO 2 and commercial P25 by 64 times and 3 times, respectively.

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“…[1][2][3][4] HPCHMs as a promising material can be widely used in many elds such as adsorption, 1 catalysis, 3 fuel cells 4 and nano devices. 5 Many strategies have been developed to design and prepare HPCHMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Many strategies have been developed to design and prepare HPCHMs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Among them, hard-template and so-template methods have been widely adopted to fabricate HPCHMs. For instance, uniform HPCHMs were synthesized using a hard template and conned nanospace pyrolysis method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchically porous SiO₂/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal

et al. 2018

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Hierarchically porous SiO 2 /C hollow microspheres (HPSCHMs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal and NaOH-etching combined route. The adsorption performance of the prepared HPSCHMs was investigated to remove Congo Red (CR) in aqueous solution. The results show that the synthesized composite possesses a hollow microspherical structure with hierarchical pores and a diameter of about 100-200 nm, and its surface area is up to 1154 m 2 g À1. This material exhibits a remarkable adsorption performance for CR in solution, and its maximum adsorption amount for CR can reach up to 2512 mg g À1 . It shows faster adsorption and much higher adsorption capacity than the commercial AC and gAl 2 O 3 samples under the same conditions. The studies of the kinetics and thermodynamics indicate that the adsorption of CR on the PHSCHM sample obeys the pseudo-second order model well and belongs to physisorption. The adsorption activation energy is about 7.72 kJ mol À1 . In view of the hierarchically meso-macroporous structure, large surface area and pore volume, the HPSCHM material could be a promising adsorbent for removal of pollutants, and it could also be used as a catalyst support.

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Hollow carbon spheres, synthesis and applications – a review

Abstract: The first review of synthetic strategies and engineering applications of hollow carbon spheres is given herein.

Cited by 285 publications

References 149 publications

Fe modified mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene

Fe modified mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene

A simple green approach to synthesis of sub-100 nm carbon spheres as template for TiO2 hollow nanospheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Hierarchically porous SiO₂/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal

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Hollow carbon spheres, synthesis and applications – a review

Abstract: The first review of synthetic strategies and engineering applications of hollow carbon spheres is given herein.

Cited by 285 publications

References 149 publications

Fe modified mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene

Fe modified mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene

A simple green approach to synthesis of sub-100 nm carbon spheres as template for TiO2 hollow nanospheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Hierarchically porous SiO2/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal

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Hierarchically porous SiO₂/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal