Hollow Structured Transition Metal Phosphates and Their Applications

Abstract

Hollow nanostructures of transition metal phosphate are of immense interest in the existing and evolving areas of technology, due to their high surface area, presence of hollow void, and easy tuning of compositions and dimensions. Emerging synthesis methods such as templatefree methods, hard-templating, and soft-templating are discussed in this review. Applications of these hollow metal phosphates dominate in energy storage and conversions, with specific advantages as supercapacitor materials. Other applications, including drug delivery, water splitting, catalysis, and adsorption, are reviewed. Finally, additional perspectives on the progress of these nanostructures, and their existing challenges related to the current synthesis routes are covered. Therefore, with the strategic modifications of the unique properties of these hollow metal phosphates, broader application requirements are fulfilled.

Review and New Perspectives on Non-Layered Manganese Compounds as Electrode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The preparation of hollow nanostructures of sodium-manganese compounds for SIB remains little explored, although the recent advances in the preparation of other compounds could be a source of inspiration, for example, the methods based on micelles, solvothermal, and spray-drying [167]. The strategies for the preparation of heterostructures comprise solvothermal/hydrothermal processes, quenching, and other methods [168].…”

Thermally Labile Organic-Soluble Heterometal Diorganophosphate-Derived Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Thus, the crystal structure, morphology, and composition of a given lithium cobalt phosphate largely affect the electrochemical behavior. , Hence, it is necessary to control the structure and morphology through suitably chosen synthetic methods, which still pose several challenges. The existing synthetic methodologies such as solid-state, solvothermal, sol–gel, and template synthesis often lead to poor control over the composition of the resultant TMPs due to the use of a complex mixture of reactants as well as harsh reaction conditions employed during these processes. ,,, Moreover, the TMPs prepared via the solid-state method exhibit low-surface area due to high-temperature calcination . Although olivine LiCoPO 4 has been synthesized and modified through several methods, the synthesis of metastable polymorphs is limited to kinetically controlled low-temperature methods such as traditional solvothermal or microwave-assisted solvothermal methods except Cmcm -LiCoPO 4 which was first prepared by a high-temperature and high-pressure solid-state route (Table S2).…”

Single-Micelle-Templated Synthesis of Hollow Barium Carbonate Nanoparticle for Drug Delivery

“…Among the other morphologies, hollow nanostructures have attracted recent research interest due to their large pore volume, low mass density, and high surface-to-volume ratio compared to their solid counterparts [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Especially in bioapplication, the hollow void encapsulates the drug molecules and releases them when necessary [ 20 ].…”