Holocaust exposure and disordered eating: a study of multi‐generational transmission

Zohar, Ada H.; Giladi, Lotem; Givati, Timor

doi:10.1002/erv.730

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The Hebrew version of EAT-26 has been found successful in distinguishing between people with or without eating disorders. Internal reliability for the original and Hebrew versions (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81 for the entire questionnaire; [ 17 , 44 ] is comparable to previous findings [ 10 ] Cronbach's alpha = 0.83 for the entire questionnaire,Test–Retest reliability Cronbach's alpha = 0.80).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

Food Attention Bias: appetite comes with eating

2021

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Objective Cognitive interventions may be effective in weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess if cognitive reappraisal (CR; reframing the meaning of a stimulus in order to change the resulting emotional response), can reduce food attentional bias (FAB) using the Visual Dot Probe (VDP) paradigm. Method 126 participants (age 27 ± 5.8) were randomly assigned either to a CR or to a control (CN) group. After assessing baseline VDP levels for FAB, participants either wrote sentences that discourage eating fattening food or neutral sentences. Next, all participants performed the VDP post intervention. Participants also self-reported on disordered eating behaviors and their height and weight were charted. We hypothesized that CR would reduce FAB and that disordered eating would moderate the association between group and FAB. Results FAB decreased post intervention, specifically in the CR group. The bulimia sub-scale showed an interaction between bulimic eating, time and group. Among those who were high on the bulimia scale, the CR group showed lower FAB post-intervention compared to the CN group. Discussion This study suggests that CR may decrease the attentional bias toward high-calorie food compared to other strategies in the general population and among people with high bulimia measures, in particular. Plain English summary Obesity has a negative impact on many aspects of life and much research is dedicated to trying to better understand behaviors concerning obesity. People are prone to focus their attention on things that are of importance to them, such as food. When people focus their attention on food, we call this Food Attention Bias (FAB). Cognitive reappraisal (CR) interventions involve the person's conscious cognitive change of the meaning of the situation aiming to consequently change the emotional response to it, such as saying to yourself “I shouldn’t eat this because I don’t want to get fat”. CR has been found to be helpful in lowering FAB using brain imagining techniques but has not yet been studied in cognitive processes. Our study used a Visual dot probe paradigm (VDP) to assess the efficacy of CR on lowering FAB. Two groups, one using CR and a control group were assessed twice on FAB, using the VDP paradigm. Compared to the normal condition, the CR intervention helped reduce FAB. This reduction was especially significant for people with a higher tendency for bulimic behavior. The VDP paradigm, utilizing CR. can be expanded to help build an intervention aimed at reducing FAB over time. This, in turn might bring to weight reduction. People with bulimic tendencies might especially benefit from CR interventions when dealing with weight loss.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

Food Attention Bias: appetite comes with eating

2021

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“…The Hebrew version of EAT-26 has been found successful in distinguishing between people with or without eating disorders. Internal reliability for the original and Hebrew versions (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81 for the entire questionnaire; Koslowsky et al, 1992;Zohar et al, 2007) is comparable to previous ndings (Garner et al, 1982 Cronbach's alpha =.83 for the entire questionnaire; Test-Retest reliability Cronbach's alpha =.80).…”

Section: Disturbed Eatingsupporting

confidence: 75%

Food Attention Bias Appetite Comes with Eating

Lev‐Ari

Kreiner

Avni

2020

Preprint

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Objective: Cognitive interventions may be effective in weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess if cognitive reappraisal (CR; reframing the meaning of a stimulus in order to change the resulting emotional response), can reduce food attentional bias (FAB) using the Visual Dot Probe (VDP) paradigm. Method: 126 participants (age 27±5.8) were randomly assigned either to a CR or to a control (CN) group. After assessing baseline VDP levels for FAB, participants either wrote sentences that discourage eating fattening food or neutral sentences. Next, all participants performed the VDP post intervention. Participants also self-reported on disturbed eating behaviors and their height and weight were charted. We hypothesized that CR would reduce FAB and that disturbed eating would moderate the association between group and FAB. Results: FAB decreased post intervention, specifically in the CR group. The bulimia sub-scale showed an interaction between bulimic eating, time and group. Among those who were high on the bulimia scale, the CR group showed lower FAB post-intervention compared to the CN group. Discussion: This study suggests that CR may decrease the attentional bias toward high-calorie food compared to other strategies in the general population and among people with high bulimia measures, in particular.

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“…Holocaust salience was measured by the Holocaust Salience Scale. The scale included 13 items taken from the Holocaust Exposure Scale (Zohar, Giladi, & Givati, 2007) and from the Holocaust Related Imagery Questionnaire (Sorscher & Cohen, 1997). The items refer to the extent to which the Holocaust is present in everyday thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (e.g., “I frequently think about the Holocaust,” “I sometimes dream about the Holocaust,” “I am interested in the Holocaust more than most of the people I know”).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma transmission through perceived parental burden among Holocaust survivors’ offspring and grandchildren.

Letzter-Pouw¹,

Shrira²,

Ben–Ezra³

et al. 2014

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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The present study focused on children’s evaluation of the extent to which they received the inner pains of their parents as an important mechanism of intergenerational transmission of trauma among offspring and grandchildren of Holocaust survivors (OHS and GHS, respectively). In a representative sample of 172 OHS (Sample 1) we found that this emotional burden perceived to be transmitted from both parents was related to more Holocaust-related posttraumatic symptoms. Both maternal and paternal burden were related to symptoms regardless of the other parent being a Holocaust survivor. In a convenience sample of 285 parent–child dyads (161 OHS-GHS and 124 comparison dyads; Sample 2) we found that perceived transmission of burden from both parents is positively related to OHS’s Holocaust salience—the extent to which the Holocaust is present in everyday thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. No such relationship existed among comparisons. Moreover, transmission of parental burden as perceived by OHS was positively related to Holocaust salience among GHS. That relationship was mediated by transmission of parental burden as perceived by the GHS themselves (i.e., parental burden from OHS). Our findings suggest that perceived transmission of parental burden is a significant mechanism by which transmission of trauma can linger across generations. We propose that burden commonly transmitted from parents may create generational boundary dissolution and parent–child role reversal. Such familial dynamic may in turn perpetuate secondary traumatization across several generations.

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Holocaust exposure and disordered eating: a study of multi‐generational transmission

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Food Attention Bias: appetite comes with eating

Food Attention Bias: appetite comes with eating

Food Attention Bias Appetite Comes with Eating

Trauma transmission through perceived parental burden among Holocaust survivors’ offspring and grandchildren.

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