Losing a loved one to suicide may have detrimental effects, one of them being suffering from complicated grief (CG). To date, no studies have fully examined the psychological processes that delineate the risk and resilience factors that contribute to CG among suicide-loss survivors (SLSs). We hypothesized that social support and self-disclosure would moderate the relationship between attachment styles and CG for SLS. Questionnaires assessing attachment style, self-disclosure, social support, and CG were completed by 156 SLS participants. A regression model revealed that secure attachment negatively predicted CG, but self-disclosure moderated this association. Secure attachment seems to be a resilient factor for CG. However, SLS with low secure attachment but high in self-disclosure ability use this behavior as a way to impede CG. The capacity to seek out other people, to share experiences with them, and to accept comfort from them may offer a means for SLS to better deal with their tragedy.

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Objectives: To examine the psychometric properties of the 14-item Type D Scale (DS14) in Hebrew, and to estimate the prevalence of Type D personality (high negative affectivity and social inhibition) in Israeli adults. Methods: 1,350 consecutive community volunteers were recruited and completed questionnaires that included the DS14, the 140-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), social support, well-being, assessment of smoking behavior, physical and sexual activity, known medical diagnoses, and family history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Results: The structural validity, as demonstrated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal reliability of the DS14 was acceptable. Overall prevalence of Type D was 24.1%; individuals of Type D versus non-D were significantly higher in self-reported rates of hypertension, CHD diagnosis, and first-degree relatives diagnosed with CHD. They were also elevated for TCI-140 Harm Avoidance, as well as negative affect, alexithymia, and significantly lower in TCI-140 Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness, as well as in subjective well-being, social support, and positive affect. Conclusion: The DS14 in Hebrew has good psychometric qualities, supporting cross-cultural validity.

Objective The Eating Disorders Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is widely used but time-consuming to complete. In recent years, the advantages and disadvantages of several brief versions have therefore been investigated. A seven-item scale (EDE-Q-7) has excellent psychometric properties but excludes items on bingeing and purging. This study aimed to evaluate a thirteen-item scale (EDE-Q-13) including items on bingeing and purging. Method Participants were 1160 (188 [11.4%] males) community volunteers of mean age 28.79 ± 9.92. They completed the full EDE-Q in Hebrew, as well as measures of positive body experience, social and emotional connection, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and positive eating. The six EDE-Q items about bingeing and purging, recoded to correspond to the response categories of the other EDE-Q questions, were added to the EDE-Q-7, resulting in the EDE-Q-13. Results Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized EDE-Q-13 structure, including the bingeing and purging subscales. Strong positive correlations were found between the EDE-Q-13 and the original EDE-Q scores. The EDE-Q-13 showed convergent validity with related measures. Conclusions The EDE-Q-13 in Hebrew is a brief version of the EDE-Q that includes bingeing and purging subscales and has satisfactory psychometric properties. Its use in clinical and research contexts is encouraged.

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