The Psychometric Properties of the DS14 in Hebrew and the Prevalence of Type D Personality in Israeli Adults

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the psychometric properties of the 14-item Type D Scale (DS14) in Hebrew, and to estimate the prevalence of Type D personality (high negative affectivity and social inhibition) in Israeli adults. Methods: 1,350 consecutive community volunteers were recruited and completed questionnaires that included the DS14, the 140-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), social support, well-being, assessment of smoking behavior, physical and sexual activity, known medical diagnoses, and family history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Results: The structural validity, as demonstrated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal reliability of the DS14 was acceptable. Overall prevalence of Type D was 24.1%; individuals of Type D versus non-D were significantly higher in self-reported rates of hypertension, CHD diagnosis, and first-degree relatives diagnosed with CHD. They were also elevated for TCI-140 Harm Avoidance, as well as negative affect, alexithymia, and significantly lower in TCI-140 Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness, as well as in subjective well-being, social support, and positive affect. Conclusion: The DS14 in Hebrew has good psychometric qualities, supporting cross-cultural validity.

Personality and Heart Rate Variability: Exploring Pathways from Personality to Cardiac Coherence and Health

“…The Hebrew version has excellent psychometric properties and predictive validity for subjective and objective health . DS14 in Hebrew (Zohar, Denollet, Lev-Ari, & Cloninger, 2011) has 14-items and is made up of two subscales, negative affect (NA) and social inhibition (SI). Posited by Denollet (Denollet, 2005) in the context of cardiac health, it awards a score of Type D to individuals who score 10 and above on both dimensions, and Non D to those who do not.…”

Multi-method analysis of the internal structure of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14)

“…Denollet [7], Svansdottir et al [21], Zohar et al [22], Bergvik et al [27], Hausteiner et al [28], and Yu, Zhang, and Liu [32] used EFA to assess the internal structure of the DS14. EFA extracts the number of factors and the factor loadings from the data ( [33], p. 228).…”

“…The "Adapted Two-Factor Model" is based on modification indices of Grande et al's [17] Two-Factor Model, allowing cross-loadings and correlated error terms. The "Subtraits Model" [21,22] represents the three-level hierarchy by means of a factor structure with positively correlated error terms that model the low-level subtraits and positively correlated factor scores that model the high-level Type D. The question is whether a careful analysis of DS14 data can provide more conclusive evidence of which theoretical model for the Type D construct is correct.…”

“…Recently, CFA has become more popular [17,21,22]. MSA in combination with EFA and CFA was used to analyze the Addiction Severity Index [29], the HADS [25], the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [30], and the Self-Concealment Scale [31].…”

Statistically Modelling the Relationships between Type D Personality and Social Support, Health Behaviors and Symptom Severity in Chronic Illness Groups

“…Type D personality is present in healthy and clinical populations with some evidence suggesting greater prevalence in specific illnesses. Estimates of Type D prevalence in healthy populations have varied from 13% (Mommersteeg, Kupper, & Denollet, 2010) to 24% (Pedersen & Denollet, 2004;Zohar, Denollet, Lev Ari, & Cloninger, 2011) to 38% (Horwood, Chamravi, & Tooley, 2014;Williams et al, 2008). In cardiovascular and cardiac samples the rate is around 21% to 31% (Mols & Denollet, 2010a), however in non-cardiac clinical samples estimates include 19% in cancer patients (Husson, Denollet, Oerlemans, & Mols, 2013), 29% in type 2 diabetes patients (Nefs et al, 2015), and 59% for female patients with ulcerative colitis (Sajadinejad et al, 2012).…”