2013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066988
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Holocephalan Embryo Provides New Information on the Evolution of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Metotic Fissure and Parachordal Plate in Gnathostomes

Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships between the different groups of Paleozoic gnathostomes are still debated, mainly because of incomplete datasets on Paleozoic jawed vertebrate fossils and ontogeny of some modern taxa. This issue is illustrated by the condition of the glossopharyngeal nerve relative to the parachordal plate, the otic capsules and the metotic fissure in gnathostomes. Two main conditions are observed in elasmobranchs (shark and rays) and osteichthyans (bony fishes and tetrapods). The condition in th… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Extant elasmobranchs and holocephalans are morphologically distinct and disjunct clades, and this marked dissimilarity in the Recent has contributed to a growing debate over the nature of ancestral chondrichthyan conditions and membership along the stem elasmobranch, holocephalan and chondrichthyan lineages. Effectively, the central question concerns the phylogenetic depth of the node defining the crown-clade of Chondrichthyes, and it is worth noting that this issue bears further on estimates of plesiomorphic gnathostome conditions (Maisey 1984, 2012; Janvier 1996; Coates & Sequeira 2001; Brazeau 2009; Anderson et al 2011; Gillis et al 2011, 2013; Davis et al 2012; Finarelli & Coates 2012; Pradel et al 2013; Zhu et al 2013). Relating the morphological disparity of living chondrichthyans to the increasingly detailed range of Palaeozoic forms presents a growing challenge; hence the significance of the new Mumbie Quarry specimens, which offer a more detailed and effective comparison between ancient and modern holocephalans.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extant elasmobranchs and holocephalans are morphologically distinct and disjunct clades, and this marked dissimilarity in the Recent has contributed to a growing debate over the nature of ancestral chondrichthyan conditions and membership along the stem elasmobranch, holocephalan and chondrichthyan lineages. Effectively, the central question concerns the phylogenetic depth of the node defining the crown-clade of Chondrichthyes, and it is worth noting that this issue bears further on estimates of plesiomorphic gnathostome conditions (Maisey 1984, 2012; Janvier 1996; Coates & Sequeira 2001; Brazeau 2009; Anderson et al 2011; Gillis et al 2011, 2013; Davis et al 2012; Finarelli & Coates 2012; Pradel et al 2013; Zhu et al 2013). Relating the morphological disparity of living chondrichthyans to the increasingly detailed range of Palaeozoic forms presents a growing challenge; hence the significance of the new Mumbie Quarry specimens, which offer a more detailed and effective comparison between ancient and modern holocephalans.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the modern chimaeroid Callorhinchus milii , the glossopharyngeal nerve leaves the braincase via the metotic fissure, but the parachordal cartilages do not extend laterally to form a wide hypotic lamina as in Carcharopsis or crown elasmobranchs (Pradel et al . ). In extinct hybodont sharks (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…So far, the morphology of the braincase and internal structures of only two other elasmobranch species, the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron 1807) (Maisey, ) and the small‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (L. 1758) (Pradel et al , ) have been studied using micro‐CT scanning. Pradel et al (), however, did not provide a detailed anatomical description of the examined skeletal labyrinth of S. canicula . Semicircular canals of both species were considerably larger and thinner than in the lamnids studied here and the vestibular region also was more prominent in both lamnids.…”
Section: Measurements Of the Skeletal Labyrinth Of Lamna Nasus And Ismentioning
confidence: 99%