Holographic optical tweezers obtained by using the three-dimensional Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm

Chen, Hao; Guo, Yang; Chen, Zhaozhong; Hao, Jingjing; Xu, Ji; Wang, Hui-Tian; Ding, Jianping

doi:10.1088/2040-8978/15/3/035401

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…An example of the GS algorithm is shown in figure 2(g). The 2-D Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm can be used to generate 3-D holograms by constraining the output to multiple planes in 3-D space or using a modified 3-D algorithm which allows optimisation with respect to a target volume [39,40].…”

Section: Iterative Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OTSLM toolbox for Structured Light Methods

Lenton

Stilgoe

Nieminen

et al. 2020

Computer Physics Communications

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We present a new Matlab toolbox for generating phase and amplitude patterns for digital micro-mirror device (DMD) and liquid crystal (LC) based spatial light modulators (SLMs). This toolbox consists of a collection of algorithms commonly used for generating patterns for these devices with a focus on optical tweezers beam shaping applications. In addition to the algorithms provided, we have put together a range of user interfaces for simplifying the use of these patterns. The toolbox currently has functionality to generate patterns which can be saved as a image or displayed on a device/screen using the supplied interface. We have only implemented interfaces for the devices our group currently uses but we believe that extending the code we provide to other devices should be fairly straightforward. The range of algorithms included in the toolbox is not exhaustive. However, by making the toolbox open sources and available on GitHub we hope that other researchers working with these devices will contribute their patterns/algorithms to the toolbox. There are many algorithms for generating computer controlled holograms however the code and descriptions for these algorithms is often provided as supplementary material to research publications which use these methods, and in some cases only the description is provided without code to reproduce the pattern. Furthermore, implementation of these algorithms can be a time consuming task. Even for simple patterns with simple analytical expressions for the far-field phase or amplitude, such as the Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian beams, time is often wasted by researchers having to re-implement and test these patterns. Existing libraries for generation of SLM patterns focus on specific tasks, methods of pattern generation, or target specific hardware. These libraries are not general purpose or easily modifiable for general use by researchers working with computer controlled holograms in fields such as beam shaping and optical tweezers. Solution method:We have assembled a toolbox containing many methods commonly used with these devices. The number of methods available makes assembling a complete toolbox impossible, instead we have focused on putting together a general collection of methods, in the form of an open source toolbox, with the hope that other researchers will contribute patterns/algorithms they use. The toolbox currently includes a range of simple and iterative methods for beam shaping and steering as well as some of the methods our group currently uses for SLM control, calibration, imaging and optical tweezers beam shaping. To make the tools we have developed easy to use, we have tried to maintain a consistent well documented interface to each of the functions and provided graphical user interfaces to many of the simpler functions enabling code-free pattern generation. Additional comments: Some of the features require the Optical Tweezers Toolbox [1], in particular, the non-paraxial beam visualisation and optimisation routines. Certain functions require components...

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Section: Iterative Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hologram2volume and volume2hologram functions convert between the 2-D hologram format and the 3-D hologram/lens format. The 3-D hologram consists of the 2-D hologram unwrapped to a spherical hemisphere as described in [39].…”

Section: Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OTSLM toolbox for Structured Light Methods

Lenton

Stilgoe

Nieminen

et al. 2020

Computer Physics Communications

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“…Compared with conventional display technologies, holography is regarded as a more promising visual display technology since it can reconstruct the whole light field of the object and can provide all visual information [1,2]. The computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a combination of computer technology and traditional holography, which is widely used in three-dimensional display [3][4][5][6][7], virtual reality and augmented reality [8,9], optical trapping [10,11], interferometry [12,13], microscopy imaging [14,15], and other fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of phase-only holograms with high-diffraction-order reconstruction by a U-Net-based neural network: A phase grating perspective

Liu¹,

Yan²,

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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Implicit periodic structure in phase-only holograms will result in many diffraction orders in the diffraction field. We analyzed the diffraction pattern from a phase gratings point of view and proved that the diffraction orders were jointly influenced by the phase factor, the single-beam diffraction factor, and the multibeam interference factor. According to the analysis, we proposed the high-diffraction-order angular spectrum method (HDO-ASM) for the numerical reconstruction of high diffraction orders. Different from the conventional methods of removing high diffraction orders, we chose to reconstruct target images in high diffraction orders with HDO-ASM and a U-Net-based neural network. Finally, the 4 K phase-only holograms with high-diffraction-order reconstruction were generated in 0.09s and had a mean reconstruction quality of 34.3 dB (PSNR) in the DIV2K valid dataset. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that there are few speckle noises and fringes in the reconstructed images of holograms generated by the proposed method.

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“…The most commonly used algorithms for generating multifoci are the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton [6,7], optimal-rotation-angle algorithms [8], and Yang-Gu algorithm [9]. In order to optimize the entire focal field, an algorithm called 3D Gerchberg-Saxton is proposed [10][11][12][13]. On the other hand, the focused laser beam inside the material deteriorates because of the difference in the refractive index between the material and the surrounding medium [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spherical-aberration-free 3D beam forming inside materials via the modified Ewald cap

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2022

Advanced Laser Processing and Manufacturing VI

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In the framework of laser precision machining, spherical aberrations of the laser beam increase gradually along the machining depth, which is widely observed due to the refractive index difference between the material of the working pieces and the surrounding medium. In this paper, we report on a simple and effective approach for spherical-aberrationfree 3D beam forming inside the materials. This new technique is based on the modified Ewald cap which is related to the numerical aperture of the objective lens, the machining depth, and the refractive index of the material. This method is verified on a laser machining platform, where the phase loaded on the spatial light modulator is acquired by the modified 3D Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. In the experiment, we have realized line and helical structures with SA compensation, which demonstrate that customized arbitrary intensity distribution inside the material can be realized.

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Holographic optical tweezers obtained by using the three-dimensional Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

OTSLM toolbox for Structured Light Methods

OTSLM toolbox for Structured Light Methods

Generation of phase-only holograms with high-diffraction-order reconstruction by a U-Net-based neural network: A phase grating perspective

The spherical-aberration-free 3D beam forming inside materials via the modified Ewald cap

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