Significance: Machine learning (ML)-enabled diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is increasingly used as an alternative to the computation-intensive inverse Monte Carlo (MCI) simulation to predict tissue's optical properties, including the absorption coefficient, μ a and reduced scattering coefficient, μ 0 s . Aim: We aim to develop a use-error-robust ML algorithm for optical property prediction from DRS spectra.Approach: We developed a wavelength-independent regressor (WIR) to predict optical properties from DRS data. For validation, we generated 1520 simulated DRS spectra with the forward Monte Carlo model, where μ a ¼ 0.44 to 2.45 cm −1 , and μ 0 s ¼ 6.53 to 9.58 cm −1 . We introduced common use-errors, such as wavelength miscalibrations and intensity fluctuations. Finally, we collected 882 experimental DRS images from 170 tissue-mimicking phantoms and compared performances of the WIR model, a dense neural network, and the MCI model.
Results:When compounding all use-errors on simulated data, the WIR model best balanced accuracy and speed, yielding errors of 1.75% for μ a and 1.53% for μ 0 s , compared to the MCI's 50.9% for μ a and 24.6% for μ 0 s . Regarding experimental data, WIR model had mean errors of 13.2% and 6.1% for μ a and μ 0 s , respectively. The errors for MCI were about eight times higher.
Conclusions:The WIR model presents reliable use-error-robust optical property predictions from DRS data.