Hominin stature, body mass, and walking speed estimates based on 1.5 million-year-old fossil footprints at Ileret, Kenya

Dingwall, Heather L.; Hatala, Kevin G.; Wunderlich, Roshna E.; Richmond, Brian G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.004

Cited by 92 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…1). This is corroborated by evidence from large footprints at Ileret, Kenya, dated to 1.52 Ma, of a number of largebodied hominin individuals, attributable to H. erectus or Paranthropus boisei (Dingwall et al, 2013). When species designations are included (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…While the dramatic increase in body mass variation by 3.5 Ma does not easily fit in the context of most hypotheses on the origin of our genus, our results support previous studies arguing that body size increased with the advent of H. erectus (see also McHenry, 1992;Holliday, 2012;Pontzer, 2012;Dingwall et al, 2013;Ant on et al, 2014). The average body mass in early H. erectus is estimated to be at least 10 kg larger than the average body size of Au.…”

Section: The Pattern Of Hominin Body Mass Evolutioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of human body size

Grabowski

Hatala

Jungers

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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226

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: The Pattern Of Hominin Body Mass Evolutioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of human body size

Grabowski

Hatala

Jungers

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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186

226

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“…Estimates are largely inferred from known relationships between metric data in living species, such as bone length (or joint size) and stature (or body mass) (McHenry, 1991, 1992; Grabowski et al, 2015). Similar estimates can be even more plainly obtained from the analysis of single footprints or – even better – from trails of footprints (Tuttle, 1987; Dingwall et al, 2013). Among these, one of the most remarkable pieces of evidence are the renowned trackways from Laetoli Site G (northern Tanzania), which are ascribed to Au.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…§ Estimation based on the relationship between foot length and stature in Homo sapiens (Tuttle, 1987). ° Estimation based on the relationship between footprint length and stature/body mass in H. sapiens (Dingwall et al, 2013). ‡ Estimation based on the relationship between foot length and stature/body mass in Au.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New footprints from Laetoli (Tanzania) provide evidence for marked body size variation in early hominins

Masao

Ichumbaki

Cherin

et al. 2016

eLife

114

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Laetoli is a well-known palaeontological locality in northern Tanzania whose outstanding record includes the earliest hominin footprints in the world (3.66 million years old), discovered in 1978 at Site G and attributed to Australopithecus afarensis. Here, we report hominin tracks unearthed in the new Site S at Laetoli and referred to two bipedal individuals (S1 and S2) moving on the same palaeosurface and in the same direction as the three hominins documented at Site G. The stature estimates for S1 greatly exceed those previously reconstructed for Au. afarensis from both skeletal material and footprint data. In combination with a comparative reappraisal of the Site G footprints, the evidence collected here embodies very important additions to the Pliocene record of hominin behaviour and morphology. Our results are consistent with considerable body size variation and, probably, degree of sexual dimorphism within a single species of bipedal hominins as early as 3.66 million years ago.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19568.001

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“…Runners quickly adjust their leg stiffness on their first step when they encounter a new surface such as the transition from a soft to hard surface, which allows them to maintain similar running mechanisms on different surfaces (Ferris, Liang, & Farley, 1999; Kerdok, Biewener, McMahon, Weyand, & Herr, 2002). Hatala, Dingwall, Wunderlich, and Richmond (2013a) mentioned that more compliant surfaces would likely result in lower impact peaks— if attenuation of impact forces is important for the selection of foot strike patterns, then runners may make smaller adjustment to their strike patterns on more compliant substrates…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous footwear

Willems¹,

Stassijns

Cornelis

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesThis study investigates biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous “Kolhapuri” footwear compared to barefoot walking among a population of South Indians.Materials and methodsTen healthy adults from South India walked barefoot and indigenously shod at voluntary speed on an artificial substrate. The experiment was repeated outside, on a natural substrate. Data were collected from (1) a heel‐mounted 3D‐accelerometer recording peak impact at heel contact, (2) an ankle‐mounted 3D‐goniometer (plantar/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion), and (3) sEMG electrodes at the m. tibialis anterior and the m. gastrocnemius medialis.ResultsData show that the effect of indigenous footwear on the measured variables, compared to barefoot walking, is relatively small and consistent between substrates (even though subjects walked faster on the natural substrate). Walking barefoot, compared to shod walking yields higher impact accelerations, but the differences are small and only significant for the artificial substrate. The main rotations of the ankle joint are mostly similar between conditions. Only the shod condition shows a faster ankle rotation over the rapid eversion motion on the natural substrate. Maximal dorsiflexion in late stance differs between the footwear conditions on an artificial substrate, with the shod condition involving a less dorsiflexed ankle, and the plantar flexion at toe‐off is more extreme when shod. Overall the activity pattern of the external foot muscles is similar.DiscussionThe indigenous footwear studied (Kolhapuri) seems to alter foot biomechanics only in a subtle way. While offering some degree of protection, walking in this type of footwear resembles barefoot gait and this type of indigenous footwear might be considered “minimal”.

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Hominin stature, body mass, and walking speed estimates based on 1.5 million-year-old fossil footprints at Ileret, Kenya

Cited by 92 publications

References 62 publications

Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of human body size

Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of human body size

New footprints from Laetoli (Tanzania) provide evidence for marked body size variation in early hominins

Biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous footwear

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