Homocysteine (Hcy) Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia confers an increased risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, and deep vein thrombosis, and is a strong predictor of mortality among patients with ischemic heart disease. Purpose: To determne the long term clinical outcome of patients with risk factors to atherosclerosis with high concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy). Methods: 89 patients with one or more risk factors for atherosclerosis, whose plasma total Hcy concentrations were measured, were followed for 5 years. Patients were interviewed and underwent a clinical examination in the outpatient clinic. Their medical records were reviewed in the last 5 years including smoking habits, medications, other diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) and their management. SPSS was used to describe and explore possible relationships between Hcy concentration, other diseases, medications and the clinical long term outcome. Results: All men with normal Hcy concentrations (10.76±1.71μmol/L) survived during the 5 years' follow up, while 5 of the men with high Hcy concentrations (21.27±5.37μmol/L), died (17%) (P< 0.05). In women Hcy concentration did not affect survival. No association was found between diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and Hcy. Long term treatment with Beta Blockers, ACE inhibitors, Calcium Channel blockers, and especially with Aspirin prevented death and changed

Downregulation of folate receptor α contributes to homocysteine‑induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress

“…consistently, this study found that Hcy induced morphological injury and reduced viability of HuVecs, particularly at higher doses. in addition, a previous clinical study reported that in patients at risk for atherosclerosis, 17% of men with higher Hcy concentrations (21.27±5.37 µM) died during follow up (25). However, the finding in the present study that there were no significant morphological changes to the endothelial cells following treatment with 50 µM Hcy is inconsistent with this report (25).…”

Homocysteinemia, hypertension, and family history of diabetes in a smoking male population in Saudi Arabia

“…Blum and colleagues, on the other hand, found no correlation between HCYS and hypertension [33]. Here, we found a weak but significant relationship between HCYS and diastolic but not systolic blood pressure in nonsmokers.…”

“…Even mutations in the MTHFR gene that lead to hyperhomocysteneinemia are not associated with CVD in the Arab population [31], who have a lower prevalence lower of CVD than other ethnicities [32]. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that diabetic Saudi patients have lower HCYS than nondiabetic patients, due to an effect of insulin on the trans-sulfuration of HCYS [33]. In our study, 36% of smokers had a family history of diabetes, which may explain the reduction of HCYS in Saudi smokers.…”

The mTORC1-Signaling Pathway and Hepatic Polyribosome Profile Are Enhanced after the Recovery of a Protein Restricted Diet by a Combination of Soy or Black Bean with Corn Protein

“…The proteins with the lowest chemical scores were Sp (47), Se (42) and Cr (34), as was reflected by lower weight gain in these groups with respect to rest of the groups. Interestingly, rats fed vegetable proteins showed lower serum Hcy concentration than casein, indicating that consumption of vegetable protein could reduce the risk of atherosclerosis [ 47 , 48 ]. In the second part of the study, we included the combination of BCr and SCr since corn contains three times the leucine requirement and could have an additive effect on the activation of the mTORC1-signaling pathway and polysome formation.…”