The chemical state of catalysts is
a vital factor affecting their
catalytic performance. Herein, a method for controllable modification
of the chemical state was proposed for the heteropoly catalyst in
the methacrolein oxidation reaction to methacrylic acid by means of
hydrogen pretreatment. The inherent relationship between the chemical
state and the catalytic performance of the Keggin catalyst was systematically
investigated. The changes in structure and element valence induced
by hydrogen pretreatment were characterized with various methods,
including XRD, FTIR, UV, Raman, SEM, O2-TPD, XPS, and ESR
spectra. The pretreatment conditions were optimized on a fixed-bed
tubular reactor, and the favored chemical state of the catalyst was
obtained. This report provides an effective approach to activating
the Keggin catalyst for oxidation reactions.