Homogeneous static magnetic field of different orientation induces biological changes in subacutely exposed mice

Abstract

It has been shown that static magnetic field (SMF) of moderate intensity produces considerable impact on biological systems. SMF can be homogeneous or inhomogeneous. In many studies, inhomogeneous SMF was employed. Aware that inhomogeneous SMF could result in experimental variability, we investigated the influence of a vertical homogeneous SMF of different orientation. Male Swiss-Webster 9- to 10-week-old mice were subacutely exposed to upward- and downward-oriented SMF of 128 mT generated by a cyclotron for 1 h/day during a 5-day period. We found that SMF affected various organs and that these effects were, to some degree, dependent on SMF orientation. Both upward- and downward-oriented SMF caused a reduction in the amount of total white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes in serum, a decrease of granulocytes in the spleen, kidney inflammation, and an increase in the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, upward-oriented SMF caused brain edema and increased spleen cellularity. In contrast, downward-oriented SMF induced liver inflammation and a decrease in the amount of serum granulocytes. These effects might represent a specific redistribution of pro-inflammatory cells in blood and among various organs. It appears that homogeneous SMF of 128 mT affected specific organs in the body, rather than simultaneously and equally influencing the entire body system.

Magnetotherapy: The quest for tendon regeneration

“…At the cellular level, electromagnetic field affects cell communication, governs the cytoskeletal organisation, and structural components of the plasma membrane and changes the dynamics of [Ca 2+ ] ic , as reviewed elsewhere (Pesce, Patruno, Speranza, & Reale, ). In particular, electromagnetic stimulation has been shown to increase the release of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10, simultaneously leading to a decrease of the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), both in macrophages and lymphocytes (Vergallo et al, ), as well as in tendon cells (de Girolamo et al, , ), particularly, in a time and field orientation (Milovanovich et al, ; Ross & Harrison, ), as well as field intensity and exposure period dependent manner (de Girolamo et al, ). The anti‐inflammatory effect of PEMF may somewhat rely on the fact that it is an agonist for adenosine receptors (ARs), particularly increasing the density and functionality of A 2A and A 3 ARs seen by enhanced release of IL‐10 (anti‐inflammatory cytokine) and diminished release of IL‐6, TNF‐α (pro‐inflammatory cytokines) in musculoskeletal tissue related cell lines (human T/C‐28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts) (Vincenzi et al, ).…”

Cellular ATP levels are affected by moderate and strong static magnetic fields

“…). We also compared two opposite magnetic field directions because there are studies indicating that the upward and downward magnetic field directions could have differential biological effects in mice [De Luka et al, ; Milovanovich et al, ]. Cells were cultured in cell culture plates (Fig.…”

Influence of 340 mT static magnetic field on germination potential and mid‐infrared spectrum of wheat

“…An inhomogeneous static magnetic field of 31.7–232.0 mT was shown to have a cytoprotective effect on low‐cisPt‐concentration‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells, suggesting that exposure to various sources of static magnetic field in cancer patients under a cisPt regimen should be strictly controlled [Vergallo et al, ]. Milovanovich et al [] reported that an upward and downward‐oriented homogeneous static magnetic field of 128 mT affected spleen, brain, kidney, and liver in mice after 1 h/day exposure during a 5 day period. The subacute exposure to the homogeneous static magnetic field of 128 mT for 1 h per day in 15 consecutive days induced a pseudoanemia status with an increase in MCT4 and Glut4 proteins in glycolytic muscle of rats [Elferchichi et al, ].…”

“…The magnetic fields in our study were chosen to be strong, that is of the order of hundreds of mT, since such fields had been observed to cause increased germination of various plants [Vashisth and Nagarajan, ; Grewal and Maheshwari, ; Shine et al, ] as well as to affect other species [László et al, ; Vergallo et al, ; Elferchichi et al, ; Milovanovich et al, ]. The experiences of other researchers were also used to determine the exposure time schedule.…”

“…The experiences of other researchers were also used to determine the exposure time schedule. The exposure times were taken to be of the order of 1 h/day [Vashisth and Nagarajan, ; Todorović et al, ; Elferchichi et al, ; Milovanovich et al, ] for several consecutive days [Jan et al, ; Elferchichi et al, ; Milovanovich et al, ]. In the referenced studies, the effects of the magnetic field were shown to be exposure‐dependent; however, a firm correlation between the effect intensity and applied exposure characteristics was not reported.…”