Honey and honey-based sugars partially affect reproductive trade-offs in parasitoids exhibiting different life-history and reproductive strategies

Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Essens, Tijl; Las, Rutger A.; Veen, Cindy van; Visser, Bertanne; Ellers, Jacintha; Heinen, Robin; Gols, Rieta

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.003

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Honeydew of M. persicae feeding on sweet pepper was particularly beneficial, with life spans of Asaphes spp., Dendrocerus spp. and G. agilis in the range of other studies where hyperparasitoids were provided with unlimited honey (Harvey, ; Buitenhuis et al ., ; Harvey et al ., ; de Boer et al ., ). Acrolyta nens was the exception, however, as this species lives much longer when provided with honey than on any of the honeydews provided here (Harvey et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Honeydew composition and its effect on life‐history parameters of hyperparasitoids

Neerbos

Boer

Salis

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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1. Diets that maximise life span often differ from diets that maximise reproduction. Animals have therefore evolved advanced foraging strategies to acquire optimal nutrition and maximise their fitness. The free‐living adult females of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) need to balance their search for hosts to reproduce and for carbohydrate resources to feed. 2. Honeydew, excreted by phloem‐feeding insects, presents a widely available carbohydrate source in nature that can benefit natural enemies of honeydew‐producing insects. However, the effects of variation in honeydew on organisms in the fourth trophic level, such as hyperparasitoids, are not yet understood. 3. This study examined how five different honeydew types influence longevity and fecundity of four hyperparasitoid taxa. Asaphes spp. (Pteromalidae) and Dendrocerus spp. (Megaspilidae) are secondary parasitoids of aphid parasitoids and are thus associated with honeydew‐producing insects. Gelis agilis and Acrolyta nens (both Ichneumonidae) are secondary parasitoids of species that do not use honeydew‐producing hosts. 4. Most honeydew types had a positive or neutral effect on life span and fecundity of hyperparasitoids compared with controls without honeydew, although negative effects were also found for both aphid hyperparasitoids. Honeydew produced by aphids feeding on sweet pepper plants was most beneficial for all hyperparasitoid taxa, which can partially be explained by the high amount of honeydew, but also by the composition of dietary sugars in these honeydew types. 5. The findings of this study underline the value of aphid honeydew as a carbohydrate resource for fourth‐trophic‐level organisms, not only those associated with honeydew‐producing insects but also ‘interlopers’ without such a natural association.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Honeydew composition and its effect on life‐history parameters of hyperparasitoids

Neerbos

Boer

Salis

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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“…Specialists are evolutionarily required to 'track' their hosts and are therefore under much stronger selection than generalists to locate cocoons of C. glomerata occurring in different habitats. Wingless hyperparasitoids may have evolved to broaden their host range while trading off traits like wings for reduced fecundity and increased longevity (Harvey, 2008;Harvey et al, 2017;Visser et al, 2014Visser et al, , 2016. By contrast, the Gelis species are considered to be extreme generalists that will attack hosts as phylogenetically divergent as spider egg sacs, moth pupae and parasitoid cocoons (Bezant, 1956;Russell, 1987;Cobb & Cobb, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that some species of the Gelis genus have life spans of 70 days without hosts at ambient temperatures (Harvey, 2008;Harvey et al, 2015Harvey et al, , 2017Visser et al, 2016). Around this time, it is rare to see a cabbage white butterfly adult, let alone their larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Search area covered per unit of time is clearly limited in wingless species, compared with winged species that can cover larger distances, and stronger specialisation would not be very beneficial. Wingless hyperparasitoids may have evolved to broaden their host range while trading off traits like wings for reduced fecundity and increased longevity (Harvey, 2008;Harvey et al, 2017;Visser et al, 2014Visser et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This raises the question as to where these early hyperparasitoids come from and why they are already active during times when their hosts are not yet present. Previous studies have shown that some species of the Gelis genus have life spans of 70 days without hosts at ambient temperatures (Harvey, 2008;Harvey et al, 2015Harvey et al, , 2017Visser et al, 2016). As metabolic rates generally decrease with falling temperatures, it is expected that life span could be even higher under colder temperature regimes, so it could be that these species overwinter during the adult stage and oviposit at the first opportunity that is presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal diversity in hyperparasitoid communities of Cotesia glomerata on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata

Heinen

Harvey

2018

Ecological Entomology

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1. Interactions between two trophic levels can be very intimate, often making species dependent on each other, something that increases with specialisation. Some specialised multivoltine herbivores may depend on multiple plant species for their survival over the course of a growing season, especially if their food plants are short-lived and grow at different times. Later generations may exploit different plant species from those exploited by previous generations.2. Multivoltine parasitoids as well as their natural enemies must also find their hosts on different food plants in different habitats across the season. Secondary hyperparasitoid communities have been studied on cocoons of the primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on black mustard (Brassica nigra) -a major food plant of its host, the large cabbage white (Pieris brassicae) -which grows in mid-summer.3. Here, hyperparasitoid communities on C. glomerata pupal clusters were studied on an early-season host, garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata, over 'time' (one season, April-July) in six closely located 'populations' (c. 2 km apart), and within two different 'areas' at greater separation (c. 100 km apart). At the plant level, spatial effects of pupal 'location' (canopy or bottom) on the plant were tested.4. Although large-scale separation (area) did not influence hyperparasitism, sampling time and small-scale separation (population) affected hyperparasitism levels and composition of hyperparasitoid communities. Location on the plant strongly increased proportions of winged species in the canopy and proportions of wingless species in bottom-located pupae.5. These results show that hyperparasitism varies considerably at the local level, but that differences in hyperparasitoid communities do not increase with spatial distance.

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The effects of functional response and host abundance fluctuations on genetic rescue in parasitoids with single‐locus sex determination

Nonaka

Kaitala

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Honey and honey-based sugars partially affect reproductive trade-offs in parasitoids exhibiting different life-history and reproductive strategies

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Honeydew composition and its effect on life‐history parameters of hyperparasitoids

Honeydew composition and its effect on life‐history parameters of hyperparasitoids

Spatial and temporal diversity in hyperparasitoid communities of Cotesia glomerata on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata

The effects of functional response and host abundance fluctuations on genetic rescue in parasitoids with single‐locus sex determination

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