Hong Kong 68 variant of influenza A2.

Gill, Paneet

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5769.308

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…If lymphoma/leukemia primary, additional options are IT cytarabine 7-10 or ITMX. 9,11 Lymphomas have additional options in IT rituximab 12 and systemic methotrexate 13 as well. If breast cancer is the primary malignancy, ITMX 14,15 and IT trastuzumab 16 in addition to systemic methotrexate 17 can be used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in a Young Patient: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Moosavi

D’Assumpcao

Bowen³

et al. 2019

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, leptomeningeal meningitis, or, as referred here, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), is a rare but frequently fatal complication seen in advanced stage of cancer either locally advanced or after a metastasis of a known primary cancer. We present a rare and uncommon case of leptomeningeal metastases from carcinoma of unknown primary. A 32-year-old female was diagnosed with LM; however, no known primary carcinoma was identified after 2 separate biopsies. The first biopsy of the right pre-tracheal lymph node showed poorly differentiated pan-keratin (AE1 and AE3) and placental alkaline phosphatase with the possibility of germ cell origin. Second cytology of cervical lymphadenopathy was remarkable for cytokeratin 7 and 20, placental alkaline phosphatase, and CDX2 suggestive of germ line tumor with both mucinous ovarian and gastrointestinal carcinomas. Unfortunately, the LM progressed rapidly despite multiple cycles of germ cell origin directed systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, and the patient opted for hospice care without getting a chance to identify the primary source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in a Young Patient: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Moosavi

D’Assumpcao

Bowen³

et al. 2019

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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“…Even though the number of possible lAVs combinations is huge, given the fact that there are 18 types of HA genes and 11 types of NA genes (till the year of late 2017, from NCBI), it is interesting that very few have been reported to infect humans 23 . Common subtypes, such as H1N1, H1N2, H2N2, H3N2, and H5N1 24–27 , were found to circulate around humans to cause seasonal flu. In addition, some of them even cause great pandemics in the human history (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting correct serotypes using machine-learning models based on codon usage patterns of influenza A viruses

Yang¹

2019

Preprint

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Consistent codon usage patterns across species was supposed to be observed owing to the degeneracy of genetic code and the conservation of the translation machinery. In fact, however, codon usage vary dramatically among organisms, and the choice difference might also affect downstream protein expressions, structures as well as their functions. It is suggested that different codon usage patterns should encrypt distinct characters for a certain type of organism, and as a result, a series of machine-learning models have been constructed, not only for learning the patterns from certain species, but also for predicting the species based on given patterns. Two gene segments of influenza A virus, hemagglutinin (HA; gene 4) and neuraminidase (NA; gene 6), were so essential for the immune response of their hosts, that the serotypes of the viruses are named after their combinations. They thus become the objects of this study, and those proposed models work quite well on the designated tasks.

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“…There are a large number of IAV strains reported worldwide; however, very few have been detected infecting humans. The IAV subtypes that have been found circulating in humans include H1N1, H1N2, H2N2, H3N2, and H5N1 [8,11,32,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Usage of Nucleobase Triplets and Codon Context Pattern in Five Influenza A Virus Subtypes

Deka

Chakraborty

2016

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Influenza A virus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a genome of negative polarity. Owing to the antigenic diversity and cross concrete shift, an immense number of novel strains have developed astronomically over the years. The present work deals with the codon utilization partialness among five different influenza A viruses isolated from human hosts. All the subtypes showed the homogeneous pattern of nucleotide utilization with a little variation in their utilization frequencies. A lower bias in codon utilization was observed in all the subtypes as reflected by higher magnitudes of an efficacious number of codons. Dinucleotide analysis showed very low CpG utilization and a high predilection of A/T-ending codons. The H5N1 subtype showed noticeable deviation from the rest. Codon pair context analysis showed remarkable depletion of NNC-GNN and NNT-ANN contexts. The findings alluded towards GC-compositional partialness playing a vital role, which is reflected in the consequential positive correlation between the GC contents at different codon positions. Untangling the codon utilization profile would significantly contribute to identifying novel drug targets that will pacify the search for antivirals against this virus.

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Hong Kong 68 variant of influenza A2.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in a Young Patient: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in a Young Patient: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Predicting correct serotypes using machine-learning models based on codon usage patterns of influenza A viruses

Insights into the Usage of Nucleobase Triplets and Codon Context Pattern in Five Influenza A Virus Subtypes

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