Hongos filamentosos no dermatofitos: onicomicosis en cuatro pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

Molecular Taxonomy Provides New Insights into Anopheles Species of the Neotropical Arribalzagia Series

“…peryassui , that showed similar restriction patterns, we recommend sequencing the ITS2 or COI barcode region. Nevertheless, the low cost and effort needed to implement PCR-RFLP protocols in the laboratory [ 25 , 34 , 86 , 87 ], suggest the importance of designing a PCR-RFLP strategy based on a useful marker for the rapid and accurate discrimination of species and lineages in the Arribalzagia Series.…”

“…The rDNA ITS2 was amplified using the primers ITS2-F (5’-TGAACTGCAGGACACATGAAC-3’) and ITS2-R (5’-ATGCTTAAATTTAGGGGGTAGTC-3’), and analyzed by a RFLP assay [ 25 , 34 , 36 ]. Available confirmed specimens from the Arribalzagia Series species were used as controls for amplification and RFLP.…”

“…Nuclear and mitochondrial markers have been used in molecular systematic studies and to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among Anopheles species [ 30 ]. Of these markers, the ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2) region is reliable for differentiation of closely related species [ 31 – 33 ] and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ITS2 is a sensitive, specific and rapid method for molecular confirmation [ 19 , 22 , 25 , 34 – 36 ]. The mitochondrial COI barcode region is another important systematics tool, but recent analysis suggests that resolution is higher when the barcode is combined with nuclear markers, at least for mosquitoes [ 30 ].…”

Onicomicosis por hongos fuliginosos

“…10 A diferencia de muchos otros hongos ambientales S. dimidiatum posee la capacidad de invadir la queratina de la uña, por lo que no necesita que la uña esté dañada. 18 Además, de las dermatomicosis en las que S. dimidiatum se ha descrito como agente etiológico, también este hongo produce otros cuadros clínicos como la infección subcutánea generalizada que se ha reportado en pacientes VIH positivos, 19 sinusitis maxilar en un paciente trasplantado de pulmón, 20 fungemia en pacientes inmunosuprimidos o luego de lesión traumática con ruptura de barreras 10 y otras lesiones como micetomas, lesiones faciales y queratitis. 21 Alternaria sp.…”

Padrões de dermatoscopia da placa ungueal nas onicomicoses

“…A cromoníquia de coloração esverdeada é causada por Pseudomonas sp 116. Áreas esbranquiçadas brancas na placa ungueal são chamadas clinicamente de leuconiquia, em geral devido à presença de célulasRessaltamos que os fungos causadores das onicomicoses são sobretudo hialinos (os dermatófitos como T. rubrum), sendo os demáceos produtores de pigmento melânico raros causadores de onicomicose118 . Em nossa casuística encontramos apenas 2 casos de verdadeira melanoníquia fúngica, onde há apenas cor marrom de padrão homogêneo.…”