Hope and resilience as distinct contributors to psychological flourishing among childhood trauma survivors.

Abstract

Resilience is routinely described as important to coping with adversity. Hope is an alternative construct also referenced as important to coping with adversity. C.R. Snyder, a pioneer in hope theory, contended that although hope shares similarities with resilience, hope is both distinct and easier to understand and apply. To test Snyder's theory, we conducted a study involving two independent samples of adult childhood trauma survivors from the United States (Sample 1: N= ϭ 273; Sample 2: N= ϭ 219). Using structural equation modeling, we modeled hope and resilience as distinct predictors of psychological flourishing. In the calibration sample, the results indicated the proposed model fit the data well ( 2 ϭ 254.02, p Ͼ .001; df ϭ 204, root mean square error of approximation ϭ .06; 90% confidence interval [.049, .072]; standardized root mean square residual ϭ .055; comparative fit index ϭ .927), serving as a robust predictor of psychological flourishing (R 2 ϭ .65). Standardized beta values also indicated hope (␤ ϭ .62) was a stronger predictor of psychological flourishing than resilience (␤ ϭ .24). In the validation sample, the model again produced good fit ( 2 ϭ 322.49; df ϭ 204; p Ͻ .001; root mean square error of approximation ϭ .052; 90% confidence interval [.041, .062]; comparative fit index ϭ .943; standardized root mean square residual ϭ .052) and accounted for robust variance in flourishing (R 2 ϭ .62). A hopeful mindset again significantly predicted flourishing, whereas resilience proved a nonsignificant predictor. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's implications, which includes the suggestion that hope is an important targeted outcome variable for interventions designed to assist survivors of childhood trauma.

Assessing the Relationship between Market Orientation and Green Product Innovation: The Intervening Role of Green Self-Efficacy and Moderating Role of Resource Bricolage

“…The predictive power of the model should be larger than 0 [92]; Q2 values show moderate predictive significance as suggested by the study of (0.02 = minor, 0.15 = moderate, and 0.35 = enormous) [93]. The standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) value according to the threshold need to be less than 0.08 [94,95], which is consistent with the results. R2 (R square) explains the predictive power of the model [96] with the values of 0.75 = substantial, 0.5 = moderate, and 0.25 = weak, as suggested by [83].…”

Beyond resilience: Promotive and protective traits that facilitate recovery during crisis

“…A meta-analysis by Alacorn, Bowling and Khazon (2013) indicates that hope is significantly associated with positive affectivity and generalized self-efficacy, further evidencing its growth and promotion-oriented effects. Finally, a recent study by Munoz, Hanks and Hellman (2020) suggest that hope contributes to flourishing among childhood trauma survivors beyond that of resilience. The evidence here suggests that hope should translate to enhanced well-being under adversity.…”

The lasting effects of childhood trauma

“…10,11 The Brief Resilience Scale is a self-assessment that measures innate abilities to cope, including optimism, self-efficacy, patience, faith, and humor. 12,13 External factors associated with resilience are family, friends, and community support. 11,13 Hope can help in surmounting ACEs.…”

“…12,13 External factors associated with resilience are family, friends, and community support. 11,13 Hope can help in surmounting ACEs. The Adult Hope Scale has been used in many studies to assess this construct in individuals who have survived trauma.…”

“…The Adult Hope Scale has been used in many studies to assess this construct in individuals who have survived trauma. 13 Some studies have found decreased hope in individuals who sustained early trauma and were diagnosed with PTSD in adulthood. 14 A study examining children exposed to domestic violence found that children who showed high hope, endurance, and curiosity were better able to cope with adversities.…”