This paper presents findings from the rural and remote road safety study, conducted in Queensland, Australia, from March 2004 till June 2007, and compares fatal crashes and non-fatal but serious crashes in respect of their environmental, vehicle and operator factors. During the study period there were 613 non-fatal crashes resulting in 684 hospitalised casualties and 119 fatal crashes resulting in 130 fatalities. Additional information from police sources was available on 103 fatal and 309 non-fatal serious crashes. Over three quarters of both fatal and hospitalised casualties were male and the median age in both groups was 34 years. Fatal crashes were more likely to involve speed, alcohol and violations of road rules and fatal crash victims were 2½ times more likely to be unrestrained inside the vehicle than non-fatal casualties, consistent with current international evidence. After controlling for human factors, vehicle and road conditions made a minimal contribution to the seriousness of the crash outcome. Targeted interventions to prevent fatalities on rural and remote roads should focus on reducing speed and drink driving and promoting seatbelt wearing.

The results of this study indicate that rural and remote GPs in north Queensland play a greater role than urban GPs in the management of CRC. In order to maintain and enhance the roles of rural and remote GPs in CRC care, appropriate guidelines and remuneration should be provided. Palliative care support might also be useful to rural and remote GPs.

Resilience is routinely described as important to coping with adversity. Hope is an alternative construct also referenced as important to coping with adversity. C.R. Snyder, a pioneer in hope theory, contended that although hope shares similarities with resilience, hope is both distinct and easier to understand and apply. To test Snyder's theory, we conducted a study involving two independent samples of adult childhood trauma survivors from the United States (Sample 1: N= ϭ 273; Sample 2: N= ϭ 219). Using structural equation modeling, we modeled hope and resilience as distinct predictors of psychological flourishing. In the calibration sample, the results indicated the proposed model fit the data well ( 2 ϭ 254.02, p Ͼ .001; df ϭ 204, root mean square error of approximation ϭ .06; 90% confidence interval [.049, .072]; standardized root mean square residual ϭ .055; comparative fit index ϭ .927), serving as a robust predictor of psychological flourishing (R 2 ϭ .65). Standardized beta values also indicated hope (␤ ϭ .62) was a stronger predictor of psychological flourishing than resilience (␤ ϭ .24). In the validation sample, the model again produced good fit ( 2 ϭ 322.49; df ϭ 204; p Ͻ .001; root mean square error of approximation ϭ .052; 90% confidence interval [.041, .062]; comparative fit index ϭ .943; standardized root mean square residual ϭ .052) and accounted for robust variance in flourishing (R 2 ϭ .62). A hopeful mindset again significantly predicted flourishing, whereas resilience proved a nonsignificant predictor. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's implications, which includes the suggestion that hope is an important targeted outcome variable for interventions designed to assist survivors of childhood trauma.

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