Hope, optimism, and affect as predictors and consequences of expectancies: The potential moderating roles of perceived control and success

Shanahan, Mackenzie L.; Fischer, Ian C.; Rand, Kevin L.

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103903

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The word stoicism, which is synonymous with courage, is more often used to express the courage to die rather than the courage to live. True fortitude is the ability to struggle, to combine expectations and beliefs by transforming them into rational optimism (Shanahan, 2020) to build expectations (Bailey et al, 2007). Hardiness must also be understood in the context of the fearless aspect.…”

Section: Results and Discussion A Hope From Eric Fromm's Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Hope in the Western and Eastern Perspective

Wahyuna¹,

Fitriana²

2020

ijiep

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Hope is a defining element of effort, social change, awareness, and reason. The object of hope is a life that more complete, a life that greater, deliverance from eternal boredom, or for salvation or for revolution. Hope is paradoxical. Hope is a form of feeling associated with the time dimension. Everyone has different hope in life. However, sometimes we may find people with no hope. Humans who have no hope known as passive-apathetic people, while people who have hope as people who will always make themselves optimistic-active.This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license.

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Section: Results and Discussion A Hope From Eric Fromm's Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Hope in the Western and Eastern Perspective

Wahyuna¹,

Fitriana²

2020

ijiep

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“…W szczególności tym, co te konstrukty różni, jest rodzaj sytuacji, której dotyczy oczekiwanie pozytywnych zdarzeń. Nadzieja na sukces polega na konkretnych oczekiwaniach w sytuacjach kontrolowanych, a optymizm -na konkretnych oczekiwaniach w sytuacjach niekontrolowanych (Shanahan i in., 2020). Niemniej jednak konstrukty te są teoretycznie dość bliskie.…”

Section: Wzajemne Relacje Między Czynnikami Ryzyka Chorób Somatycznyc...unclassified

Relacje między osobowościowymi czynnikami ryzyka chorób somatycznych oraz zasobami zdrowia w kontekście Kołowego Modelu Metacech Osobowości

Rymarczyk¹

2022

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“…However, like optimism, much of the literature on perceived control has conceptualised the construct as an individual difference variable, more 'trait-like' than 'state-like' (Galvin et al, 2018;Rotter, 1966;Wallston, 2005). Shanahan et al (2020) found that levels of individual optimism predicted participants' expectations regarding the outcome of hypothetical situations when presented with an uncontrollable situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Characteristics Associated with Perceptions of Control Over Mortality Risk and Determinants of Health Effort

Brown¹,

Sillence²,

Pepper³

2023

Preprint

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Background: People who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long-term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk, and exploring different determinants of health effort, may help to tailor the promotion of preventative health to more effectively encourage healthy behaviours. Method: We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,500 UK participants. We captured a range of socioeconomic variables and measured perceived control over 20 different causes of death. We also measured overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state-level optimism and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. Findings: We found individual differences in perceptions of control over specific causes of death based on age, gender and income. PUMR was predicted by socioeconomic variables expected to influence exposure to risk and resource availability. Overall, perceptions of control over specific causes of death did not predict self-reported health effort, whereas higher levels of PUMR did predict lower self-reported health effort. The strength of relationship between PUMR and health effort was not moderated by state-level optimism. Finally, age and education both positively predicted greater accuracy in assessing the prevalence of avoidable deaths.Conclusions: This study suggests that PUMR may capture people’s ‘general sense’ of mortality risk, influenced by both exposure to hazards and the availability of resources to avoid threats to health and longevity. Conversely, perceived control over specific risks may involve more deliberate, considered appraisals of risk. This general sense of risk is suggested to play a more notable role in determining health behaviours than specific assessments of control over risk. Further study is needed to investigate the degree to which PUMR accurately reflects objective measures of individual risk.

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Hope, optimism, and affect as predictors and consequences of expectancies: The potential moderating roles of perceived control and success

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

The Concept of Hope in the Western and Eastern Perspective

The Concept of Hope in the Western and Eastern Perspective

Relacje między osobowościowymi czynnikami ryzyka chorób somatycznych oraz zasobami zdrowia w kontekście Kołowego Modelu Metacech Osobowości

Individual Characteristics Associated with Perceptions of Control Over Mortality Risk and Determinants of Health Effort

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