Horizons of cybernetical physics

Fradkov, Alexander L.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0223

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Turbulent structures are an example of discretization of the phase space of a system far from local equilibrium [36]. To describe the evolution of turbulent structures, methods of the control theory of adaptive systems are used (speed gradient principle [34,35]). The predictive ability of such a description is due to the thermodynamic goal function, which corresponds to the desire of the system to respond to external influences with the least losses (minimizing the integral production of entropy in the system) [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This intermediate level is considered to be mesoscopic. The interaction of such mesoparticles leads to the system evolution described by cybernetic methods developed within the control theory of adaptive systems via close-loops [34,35]. Over time, these clusters will grow and merge with each other, reducing their number in the system, until they form one cluster with the same equilibrium values of some densities, if this is allowed by the imposed constraints.…”

Section: Nonlocal Approach To Describe Turbulent Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shock-Induced Mesoparticles and Turbulence Occurrence

Хантулева

Meshcheryakov²

2022

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The development of a new approach to describe turbulent motions in condensed matter on the basis of nonlocal modeling of highly non-equilibrium processes in open systems is performed in parallel with an experiment studying the mesostructure of dynamically deformed solids. The shock-induced mesostructure formation inside the propagating waveform registered in real time allows the transient stages of non-equilibrium processes to be qualitatively and quantitatively revealed. A new nonlocal approach, developed on the basis of the nonlocal and retarded transport equations obtained within the non-equilibrium statistical physics, is used to describe the occurrence of turbulence. Within the approach, the reason for the transition to turbulence is that the non-equilibrium spatiotemporal correlation function generates the dynamic structures in the form of finite-size clusters on the mesoscale, with almost identical values of macroscopic densities moving as almost solid particles that can interact and rotate. The fragmentation of spatiotemporal correlations upon impact forms the mesoparticles that move at different speeds and transfer mass, momentum and energy-like wave packets. The movements recorded simultaneously at two scale levels indicate the energy exchange between them. Its description required a redefinition of the concept of energy far from local thermodynamic equilibrium. The experimental results show that the irreversible part of the dynamic mesostructure remains frozen into material as a new defect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonlocal Approach To Describe Turbulent Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock-Induced Mesoparticles and Turbulence Occurrence

Хантулева

Meshcheryakov²

2022

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“…This use of feedback to change qualitatively the dynamics of a system (from free diffusion to potential motion) is very much in keeping with the spirit of the 'creative interaction of physics and control theory' that has been a focus of cybernetical physics, or cyberphysics [24,25]. The tools resulting from this creative interaction have unique capabilities and have led to investigations of fundamental issues at the intersection of thermodynamics and information theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Feedback traps for virtual potentials

Gavrilov

Bechhoefer

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Feedback traps are tools for trapping and manipulating single charged objects, such as molecules in solution. An alternative to optical tweezers and other single-molecule techniques, they use feedback to counteract the Brownian motion of a molecule of interest. The trap first acquires information about a molecule's position and then applies an electric feedback force to move the molecule. Since electric forces are stronger than optical forces at small scales, feedback traps are the best way to trap single molecules without ‘touching’ them (e.g. by putting them in a small box or attaching them to a tether). Feedback traps can do more than trap molecules: they can also subject a target object to forces that are calculated to be the gradient of a desired potential functionU(x). If the feedback loop is fast enough, it creates avirtual potentialwhose dynamics will be very close to those of a particle in an actual potentialU(x). But because the dynamics are entirely a result of the feedback loop—absent the feedback, there is only an object diffusing in a fluid—we are free to specify and then manipulate in time an arbitrary potentialU(x,t). Here, we review recent applications of feedback traps to studies on the fundamental connections between information and thermodynamics, a topic where feedback plays an even more fundamental role. We discuss how recursive maximum-likelihood techniques allow continuous calibration, to compensate for drifts in experiments that last for days. We consider ways to estimate work and heat, using them to measure fluctuating energies to a precision of ±0.03kTover these long experiments. Finally, we compare work and heat measurements of the costs of information erasure, theLandauer limitofkTln 2 per bit of information erased. We argue that, when you want to know the average heat transferred to a bath in a long protocol, you should measure instead the average work and then infer the heat using the first law of thermodynamics.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Horizons of cybernetical physics’.

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“…In this section, landscapes for systems of the form (1.1) will be discussed. See also the paper by A. Fradkov [49], which introduces this theme issue on Norbert Wiener.…”

Section: (B) Control Of Nonlinear Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%