Hormigas cazadoras en sistemas productivos del piedemonte amazónico colombiano: diversidad y especies indicadoras

Abstract

RESUMENPara conocer la abundancia, riqueza y composición de hormigas cazadoras y su variación en los sistemas productivos del departamento de Caquetá, se seleccionaron 27 fincas representativas de tres ventanas (agroforestal, silvopastoril y tradicional), en las cuales se identificaron hasta nueve clases de usos del suelo. Las proporciones dedicadas a pastos limpios, agroforestales y rastrojos viejos, fueron las que más contribuyeron a diferenciar las ventanas. Se muestrearon cinco puntos por finca mediante cuatro métodos para captura de hormigas (TSBF, lavado de suelo con formol, escrutinio de hojarasca y búsqueda directa). De un total de 280 individuos se determinaron nueve géneros y 35 especies de las subfamilias Ectatomminae, Paraponerinae y Ponerinae; el género más diverso fue Pachycondyla con 13 especies. La abundancia de hormigas se correlacionó directamente con la riqueza de especies y con el número de especies exclusivas. La riqueza fue mayor en la ventana agroforestal (24 especies), seguida de la silvopastoril (19) y de la tradicional (8). Cinco especies fueron comunes a las tres ventanas y siete especies (Ectatomma ruidum, Hypoponera sp.1 y sp.4, Odontomachus haematodus, O. brunneus y Pachycondyla constricta) marcaron las diferencias en composición. Odontomachus brunneus resultó indicadora para la ventana tradicional y Paraponera clavata para la ventana silvopastoril. La búsqueda directa fue el método más eficiente para muestrear hormigas cazadoras en el piedemonte amazónico. PALABRAS-CLAVE: agroforestal, silvopastoril, tradicional, muestreo de hormigas, Odontomachus brunneus, Paraponera clavata, Caquetá. Hunter ants in productive systems of Colombian amazon foothills: diversity and indicator species ABSTRACTWe studied the abundance, richness and composition of hunting ants and their variation in production systems in department of Caquetá-Colombia, 27 farms were selected in three productive systems (agroforestry, silvopastoral and traditional), in this nine kinds of soil uses were identified. The proportions of clean pasture, agroforestry and old stubble contributed most to differentiating the systems. Five points were sampled per farm using four different methods for sampling ants (TSBF, formalin soil washing, screening of litter and direct search). A total of 280 organisms was collected, corresponding to nine genera and 35 species, belonging to the subfamilies Ectatomminae, Paraponerinae and Ponerinae. Pachycondyla was the most diverse genus (13 species). The abundance of ants was directly correlated with species richness and the number of exclusive species. The highest richness was observed in the agroforestry (24 species), followed by silvopastoral (19) and the lowest in traditional (8). Five species were common in the three systems and seven species marked the most differences in composition between systems (this was: Ectatomma ruidum, Hypoponera sp.1 and sp.4, Odontomachus haematodus, O. brunneus and Pachycondyla constricta). The species Odontomachus brunneus was indicator for the traditional s...

New records of hunting ants (Poneroids and Ectatomminoids) in the northern part of the Colombian Orinoquia region

“…Rank three habitats, confirming their generalist ecology as reported by many authors (Fernández, 2003, Jiménez et al, 2007Sanabria-Blandón & Chacón de Ulloa, 2011;Chávez et al, 2008;Abadía et al, 2010).…”

“…Hunting ant studies across different successional stages and landscapes in Colombia show that species richness in forests is higher than in savanna ecosystems. This trend is attributed to higher vegetation coverage favouring higher microhabitat availability (Serna & Vergara-Navarro, 2008;Chavez et al, 2008;Abadía et al, 2010;Sanabria-Blandón & Chacón de Ulloa, 2011). This study broadens the geographical distribution of 15 hunting ants species collected in the Orinoquia.…”

“…The first of these is the low number of ants shared by Arauca and Casanare departments, despite their geographical proximity and the similarity of their ecosystems. The second factor is that the much higher value (55 species) reported for the Meta department probably reflects higher sampling effort and research there due to the area's proximity to cities that have institutions concerned with biodiversity studies (Fernández, 2003;Jiménez et al, 2007;Sanabria-Blandón & Chacón de Ulloa, 2011;Chávez et al, 2008;Abadía et al, 2010).…”

A preliminary checklist of soil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Colombian Amazon

“…For example, the genus Typhlomyrmex was collected mostly at 10 - 20 and 20 – 30 cm soil depths. Although TSBF was appropriate for collecting these soil ants, which are generally undersampled with other methods of collection, the TSBF method might underestimate army ants and other large ants such as Paraponerinae that were not recorded in the searched Amazon basin area (Ryder Wilkie et al 2007, Oliveira and Morato 2009, Sanabria-Blandón and de Ulloa 2011, Ryder Wilkie et al 2010). However, the use of soil monoliths for macrofauna sampling allowed comparisons between macrofauna groups (e.g.…”

“…In Colombia, ant lists include reports from coastal, mountain and Amazonian ecosystems (Pérez et al 2009, Sanabria-Blandón and Achury 2011, Sanabria-Blandón and de Ulloa 2011, Vergara-Navarro and Serna 2013, Valdés-Rodríguez et al 2014). However, information on soil ant diversity in the Colombian Amazon region is limited, due to the small number of works on this topic that have been published (Ospina and Fagua 2007).…”