Hormonal Regulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Implications for Depression and Exercise

Gheorghe, Ana; Qiu, Wansu; Galea, Liisa A.M.

doi:10.1007/7854_2018_62

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…However, most of the studies showing this facilitation have focused on the effects of exercise on the performance of learning tasks following the exercise, whereas few studies have investigated the effects of exercise on the memories consolidated before the exercise. Studies on neurogenesisinduced forgetting have indicated that exercise facilitates the forgetting of previous memory traces through neurogenesis (Akers et al, 2014;Gheorghe et al, 2018). Epp et al (2016) further suggested that neurogenesis-induced forgetting might reduce PI from remote memory traces when learning items with overlapping information (Epp et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Traces Diminished by Exercise Affect New Learning as Proactive Facilitation

Zhou

2020

Front. Neurosci.

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Exercise enhances cognitive function through increased neurogenesis but can also cause neurogenesis-induced forgetting. It remains unclear whether the diminished memory traces are completely forgotten. Our goals were to determine whether spatial memory is diminished by exercise, and if so, whether the memory is completely gone or whether only the local details disappear but not the acquired strategy. Two-monthold male C57BL/6J mice were trained on a spatial memory task using the Morris water maze and tested to determine that they had learned the platform location. Another mouse group received no training. Half the mice in each group then exercised on a running wheel, while the other half remained sedentary in home cages. After 4 weeks of this, previously trained mice were tested for their retention of the platform location. All mice were then subjected to the task, but the platform was located in a different position (reversal learning for previously trained mice). We found that exercise significantly facilitated the forgetting of the first platform location (i.e., diminished spatial memory) but also significantly enhanced reversal learning. Compared with mice that received no pre-exercise training, mice that had been previously trained, even those in the exercise group that had decreased recall, showed significantly better performance in the reversal learning test. Activation of new adult-born neurons was also examined. Although newborn neuron activation between groups that had or had not received prior task training was not different, activation was significantly higher in exercise groups than in sedentary groups after the probe test for reversal learning. These results indicated that the experience of pre-exercise training equally facilitated new learning in the sedentary and exercise groups, even though significantly lower memory retention was found in the exercise group, suggesting rule-based learning in mice. Furthermore, newborn neurons equally participated in similar and novel memory acquisition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Traces Diminished by Exercise Affect New Learning as Proactive Facilitation

Zhou

2020

Front. Neurosci.

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“…There, HPG function has shown to modulate HPA function as well (15). As anabolic steroids, these hormones have neuroprotective effects on hippocampus in rodent models (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and thus dysregulation of DHEA or testosterone could have negative impacts on hippocampal development. Here we test the hypotheses that modulation of trajectories of testosterone and DHEA across development is one pathway linking poverty to disruptions in development of the hippocampus and emotion dysregulation and increased risk for depression.…”

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confidence: 99%

Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression

Deanna

Shirtcliff

Elsayed

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There is robust evidence that early poverty is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired emotion regulation and depression. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate this risk are less clear. Here we test the hypothesis that one pathway involves hormone mechanisms (testosterone and DHEA) that contribute to disruption of hippocampal brain development, which in turn contributes to perturbed emotion regulation and subsequent risk for depression. To do so, we used data from 167 children participating in the Preschool Depression Study, a longitudinal study that followed children from preschool (ages 3 to 5 y) to late adolescence, and which includes prospective assessments of poverty in preschool, measures of testosterone, DHEA, and hippocampal volume across school age and adolescence, and measures of emotion regulation and depression in adolescence. Using multilevel modeling and linear regression, we found that early poverty predicted shallower increases of testosterone, but not DHEA, across development, which in turn predicted shallower trajectories of hippocampal development. Further, we found that early poverty predicted both impaired emotion regulation and depression. The relationship between early poverty and self-reported depression in adolescence was explained by serial mediation through testosterone to hippocampus to emotion dysregulation. There were no significant interactions with sex. These results provide evidence about a hormonal pathway by which early poverty may contribute to disrupted brain development and risk for mental health problems later in life. Identification of such pathways provide evidence for potential points of intervention that might help mitigate the impact of early adversity on brain development.

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“…Neuroplasticity in association with pregnancy and postpartal experience consists of an important subject of research in reproductive neurobiology, which may be relevant to mental health in humans even at old ages [36, 81–83]. Although the basic hormonal and neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating reproduction would be very likely conserved through evolution, there exist remarkable differences between mammalian species or even substrains of the same species regarding motherhood (or more generally parenthood) behavior [25, 33, 84–90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Promotes Maternal Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Guinea Pigs

Wan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Neural Plasticity

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Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) modulates cognition and behavior in mammals, while motherhood is associated with cognitive and behavioral changes essential for the care of the young. In mice and rats, hippocampal neurogenesis is reported to be reduced or unchanged during pregnancy, with few data available from other species. In guinea pigs, pregnancy lasts ~9 weeks; we set to explore if hippocampal neurogenesis is altered in these animals, relative to gestational stages. Time-pregnant primigravidas (3-5 months old) and age-matched nonpregnant females were examined, with neurogenic potential evaluated via immunolabeling of Ki67, Sp8, doublecortin (DCX), and neuron-specific nuclear antigen (NeuN) combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) birth-dating. Relative to control, subgranular Ki67, Sp8, and DCX-immunoreactive (+) cells tended to increase from early gestation to postpartum and peaked at the late gestational stage. In BrdU pulse-chasing experiments in nonpregnant females surviving for different time points (2-120 days), BrdU+ cells in the DG colocalized with DCX partially from 2 to 42 days (most frequently at 14-30 days) and with NeuN increasingly from 14 to 120 days. In pregnant females that received BrdU at early, middle, and late gestational stages and survived for 42 days, the density of BrdU+ cells in the DG was mostly high in the late gestational group. The rates of BrdU/DCX and BrdU/NeuN colocalization were similar among these groups and comparable to those among the corresponding control group. Together, the findings suggest that pregnancy promotes maternal hippocampal neurogenesis in guinea pigs, at least among primigravidas.

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Hormonal Regulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Implications for Depression and Exercise

Cited by 10 publications

References 237 publications

Memory Traces Diminished by Exercise Affect New Learning as Proactive Facilitation

Memory Traces Diminished by Exercise Affect New Learning as Proactive Facilitation

Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression

Pregnancy Promotes Maternal Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Guinea Pigs

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