Hormone Physiology of Preharvest Fruit Cracking in Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.)

Yılmaz, Can; Özgüven, A.I.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.727.67

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Spraying different concentrations of gibberellin on cherries, pomegranates, and litchi can reduce fruit cracking rate [45–47]. In litchi and pomegranate, ABA content in pericarp is higher in cracking fruits than in the healthy fruits [48, 49], and spraying ABA increases the fruit cracking rate of litchi [11]. These researchers suggest that spraying GA can reduce fruit cracking, but spraying ABA can increase fruit cracking in some fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of atemoya pericarp elucidates the role of polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest

Chen

Duan

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Mature fruit cracking during the normal season in African Pride (AP) atemoya is a major problem in postharvest storage. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying fruit cracking is limited. The aim of this study was to unravel the role starch degradation and cell wall polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest through transcriptome analysis. Results Transcriptome analysis of AP atemoya pericarp from cracking fruits of ethylene treatments and controls was performed. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was significantly enriched, and approximately 39 DEGs could be functionally annotated, which included starch, cellulose, pectin, and other sugar metabolism-related genes. Starch, protopectin, and soluble pectin contents among the different cracking stages after ethylene treatment and the controls were monitored. The results revealed that ethylene accelerated starch degradation, inhibited protopectin synthesis, and enhanced the soluble pectin content, compared to the control, which coincides with the phenotype of ethylene-induced fruit cracking. Key genes implicated in the starch, pectin, and cellulose degradation were further investigated using RT-qPCR analysis. The results revealed that alpha-amylase 1 ( AMY1 ), alpha-amylase 3 ( AMY3 ), beta-amylase 1 ( BAM1 ), beta-amylase 3 ( BAM3 ), beta-amylase 9 ( BAM9) , pullulanase ( PUL) , and glycogen debranching enzyme ( glgX ), were the major genes involved in starch degradation. AMY1 , BAM3 , BAM9 , PUL , and glgX all were upregulated and had higher expression levels with ethylene treatment compared to the controls, suggesting that ethylene treatment may be responsible for accelerating starch degradation. The expression profile of alpha-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase ( GAUT ) and granule-bound starch synthase ( GBSS ) coincided with protopectin content changes and could involve protopectin synthesis. Pectinesterase ( PE ), polygalacturonase ( PG ), and pectate lyase ( PEL ) all involved in pectin degradation; PE was significantly upregulated by ethylene and was the key enzyme implicated pectin degradation. Conclusion Both KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs and material content analysis confirmed that starch decomposition into soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides metabolism are closely related to the ripening and cracking of AP atemoya. A link between gene up- or downregulation during different cracking st...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of atemoya pericarp elucidates the role of polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest

Chen

Duan

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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“…It is resulted from the pressure of the quickly expanding arils on the stretched peel (Yilmaz and Ö zgüven 2006). 'Wonderful' is a good cultivar with great juice amount and quality.…”

Section: Pomegranatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trees should be watered regularly during the fruit development phase. Application of boron (50 ppm), zinc sulfate, calcium hydroxide and GA 3 (40 ppm) via spraying minimizes the incidence of cracking on the young fruits (Yilmaz and Ö zgüven 2006). Furthermore, Boric acid at 0.20 % under crescent bund with open catchment pits in mid-May, increase tree vigor, and photosynthetic rate in pomegranate fruits and decrease fruit cracking (Sahu et al 2013).…”

Section: Growth Regulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and genetic factors influencing fruit cracking

2014

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One of the main disorders that widely limit fruit quality and quantity is fruit cracking or splitting that is observed on the fruit skin and flesh in the preharvest phase. Besides, cracking can occur during postharvest in some fruits, mostly attributable to the environmental conditions of storage. Value of cracked fruits is reduced and these fruits are not marketable because of the poor fruit quality. Many fruits such as apple, sweet cherry, grape, plum, pomegranate, grape, persimmon, litchi, avocado, pistachio, citrus, banana as well as tomato can crack or split. There are many factors that influence fruit cracking. In this work, genetic, morphological, environmental and physiological aspects of fruit cracking are reviewed. Under the same environmental conditions, fruits from different cultivars show differences in cracking susceptibility. Some correlations have been observed between susceptibility of fruit cracking and some fruit traits (fruit shape, fruit size, fruit firmness; anatomy and strength of the fruit skin, stomata in fruit skin, cuticular properties, osmotic concentration, water capacity of the fruit pulp and growth stage of the fruit). Also, orchard management (such as irrigation and nutrition) and environmental condition (such as temperature, wind and light) can influence fruit cracking. Besides, fruit cracking is quantitative trait and is controlled by several genes. The best way to reduce fruit cracking at present would be a suitable orchard management that takes into account and try to minimize stress of the water, nutrition and physiological factors that contribute to fruit cracking. Also, the most resistant cultivars to fruit cracking that have desirable fruit quality can be selected for cultivation.

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“…Li et al [ 11 ] found that application of ABA increased fruit cracking in litchi. Yilmaz and Ozguven [ 14 ] found that the ABA content of the peel is higher in cracked fruits than in the peel of healthy (non-cracked) fruits. Sharma and Dhillon [ 15 ] observed that ABA content in pericarp is higher in cracking fruits than in the healthy fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Assembly and Characterization of Pericarp Transcriptome and Identification of Candidate Genes Mediating Fruit Cracking in Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Zhang

et al. 2014

IJMS

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Fruit cracking has long been a topic of great concern for growers and researchers of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit cracking, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was first used for de novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of cracking pericarp of litchi. Comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed on non-cracking and cracking fruits. A total of approximately 26 million and 29 million high quality reads were obtained from the two groups of samples, and were assembled into 46,641 unigenes with an average length of 993 bp. These unigenes can be useful resources for future molecular studies of the pericarp in litchi. Furthermore, four genes (LcAQP, 1; LcPIP, 1; LcNIP, 1; LcSIP, 1) involved in water transport, five genes (LcKS, 2; LcGA2ox, 2; LcGID1, 1) involved in GA metabolism, 21 genes (LcCYP707A, 2; LcGT, 9; Lcβ-Glu, 6; LcPP2C, 2; LcABI1, 1; LcABI5, 1) involved in ABA metabolism, 13 genes (LcTPC, 1; Ca2+/H+ exchanger, 3; Ca2+-ATPase, 4; LcCDPK, 2; LcCBL, 3) involved in Ca transport and 24 genes (LcPG, 5; LcEG, 1; LcPE, 3; LcEXP, 5; Lcβ-Gal, 9; LcXET, 1) involved in cell wall metabolism were identified as genes that are differentially expressed in cracked fruits compared to non-cracked fruits. Our results open new doors to further understand the molecular mechanisms behind fruit cracking in litchi and other fruits, especially Sapindaceae plants.

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Hormone Physiology of Preharvest Fruit Cracking in Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.)

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Transcriptome analysis of atemoya pericarp elucidates the role of polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest

Transcriptome analysis of atemoya pericarp elucidates the role of polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest

Physiological and genetic factors influencing fruit cracking

De Novo Assembly and Characterization of Pericarp Transcriptome and Identification of Candidate Genes Mediating Fruit Cracking in Litchi chinensis Sonn.

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