Hormone profile during the menstrual cycle at high altitude

Escudero, Francisco; Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Góñez, Carmen

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(96)02697-5

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A Peruvian study (Escudero et al, 1996) also found significantly lower (p , 0.05) P levels on 6 of 15 days during the luteal phase in unmatched samples of 10 women each from Cerro de Pasco and Lima; they concluded that the differences were "probably an effect of low barometric pressure." While this may be the case, several factors known to lower P levels could explain the observed variation, including differences in age distribution of the samples and/or differences in physical activity, socioeconomic resources, diet, and/or recency of steroid use (Vitzthum et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Probability Of Conception From a Single Insemination In The mentioning

confidence: 90%

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The Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Populations Exposed to Chronic Hypoxia

Vitzthum

Wiley

2003

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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It has been hypothesized that hypoxia reduces fertility, but comparative studies of high and low altitude populations have been unable to verify or refute this proposal because it is difficult to control for the behavioral and sociocultural factors that may also either underlie fertility differentials or compensate for physiological changes caused by varying partial pressure of oxygen. Taken collectively, estimates of fertility in populations exposed to chronic hypoxia range widely and do not suggest any reproductive patterns specific to high altitude. Here we review the available data from the Andes and the Himalaya on the proximate determinants of fertility, that set of factors through which any and all environmental, behavioral, and sociocultural factors must act to influence fertility levels. Although hypoxia could potentially affect some of these factors, there is no unequivocal evidence that this occurs in human populations indigenous to high altitude. At this time, it appears that local variations in infant feeding beliefs and practices, often coupled with prolonged breast-feeding, play a major role in determining fertility variation in Andean populations. In the Himalaya, large numbers of adults are not in sanctioned sexual unions as a consequence of polyandrous marriage practices and religious celibacy. The absence of a clear negative effect of hypoxia on fertility in populations indigenous to high altitude, even though migrants report reproductive difficulties, argues that these populations have adapted to the conditions at high altitude. The experimental and clinical evidence presented in this issue suggests proximate mechanisms by which such adaptation, shaped by natural selection and developmental processes, is possible.

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Section: Probability Of Conception From a Single Insemination In The mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Particularly relevant for our analysis are comparisons of the residents of Cerro de Pasco at 4350 m with women in Lima at 150 m (Escudero et al, 1996;Gonzales and Villena, 1997;Gonzales and Goñez, 2000;Gonzales et al, 2002).…”

Section: Principal Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Populations Exposed to Chronic Hypoxia

Vitzthum

Wiley

2003

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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“…in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, Estradiol (E2) levels rise well above physiologic range. This change occurs prior to the occurrence of a pregnancy and maximal E2 levels often approach 10,000 -12,000 pmol/L, levels comparable to those seen in late pregnancy and significantly higher than those at ovulation [10]. In fact, serum E2 levels during ART reach those seen during the second trimester of pregnancy [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thyroid stimulating hormone levels rise after assisted reproductive technology

Reinblatt

Herrero

Correa

et al. 2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose The goal of this study was to determine whether high E2 levels after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation affect TSH. Methods Patients completing ART cycles between AprilOctober 2010 were eligible for this cohort study. 180 patients were recruited however those with known thyroid disease were excluded. The final analysis included 154 subjects. Blood was collected at each visit during the ART cycle as well as at the pregnancy test. Samples were frozen at −20°C and analyzed together for E2 and TSH using the same assay kit once all patients had completed their cycles. All participants were treated at the McGill University Health Center. A paired t-test was used to study the difference in TSH levels recorded at maximal and minimal Estradiol levels during ovarian stimulation. Multiple regression analysis was then used to determine if factors such as anti-thyroid antibodies and ovarian reserve measures affect this change in TSH. We used multiple imputation methods to account for missing data. Results As E2 levels rose from low to supra-physiologic levels during treatment, TSH levels also rose significantly. This increase was clinically significant by the time of pregnancy test. The factors that potentially affected the change in TSH were: male factor/tubal factor infertility, type of protocol used as well as the presence of thyroid antibodies. Conclusions Although TSH increases during ART, this change only becomes clinically significant on the day of pregnancy test. Future studies should examine TSH changes specifically in certain "at-risk" sub-groups such as those with antibodies and known thyroid disease.Capsule As estradiol levels rise during ART, TSH also rises. This rise may be affected by: cause of infertility, type of protocol used as well as the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies.

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“…There is a better blood oxygenation and a lower hemoglobin level before than after menopause in women long residing at altitude, and this is associated with higher levels of progesterone in the luteal phase of the cycle [ 126 ]. In a comprehensive study comparing in Peru ten women living at sea level and ten women living at 4,340 m, ovulation after LH peak occurred earlier at high altitude than at sea level [ 127 ]. Serum FSH levels were higher at late luteal phase and early follicular phase at high altitude than at sea level.…”

Section: Sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…From days +12 to +15, there was a signifi cant decline in serum estradiol levels in women at sea level but not in those from high altitude. Serum progesterone levels at days +5, and +8 to +12 were significantly higher at sea level than at high altitude [ 127 ]. Among women older than 50 years of age, a greater decline in serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was observed in those living at high altitude than in those living at sea level, suggesting that adrenopause is attained earlier and is of greater magnitude at high altitude than at sea level [ 128 ].…”

Section: Sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Endocrine Function

Richalet

2013

High Altitude

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Adaptation to a stressful environment such as altitude hypoxia will affect most hormonal systems. Stress hormones (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, prolactin) are stimulated in acute hypoxia but adrenergic system is down-regulated in prolonged hypoxia. Thyroid hormone is increased in hypoxia, with no change in TSH. Parathromone is stimulated and parathromone receptors desensitized with prolonged exposure. Leptin is increased and ghrelin decreased with exposure to hypoxia. Growth hormone is poorly affected by acute hypoxia and exercise-induced GH response is potentiated by acute hypoxia. LH and FSH decrease with acute hypoxia. The hypophyseal response to hypothalamic factors is not substantially modifi ed in altitude hypoxia. The possible role of hypoxiainducible factors in the regulation of hormones at high altitude remains to be explored.

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Hormone profile during the menstrual cycle at high altitude

Abstract: Our data suggest that hormone profile during menstrual cycle is different at high altitude than at sea level, probably as an effect of low barometric pressure.

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

The Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Populations Exposed to Chronic Hypoxia

The Proximate Determinants of Fertility in Populations Exposed to Chronic Hypoxia

Thyroid stimulating hormone levels rise after assisted reproductive technology

Endocrine Function

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