HORSES (&lt;i&gt;EQUUS CABALLUS&lt;/i&gt;) ADAPTIVELY CHANGE THE MODALITY OF THEIR BEGGING BEHAVIOR AS A FUNCTION OF HUMAN ATTENTIONAL STATES

Takimoto, Ayaka; Hori, Yusuke; Fujita, Kazuo

doi:10.2117/psysoc.2016.100

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Horses' abilities to guide their behavior according to the human emotional expression indicate their high responsiveness to human cues. This adds to the literature showing their sensitivity to human attentive states [24][25][26][27], pointing gestures [28,29], or auditory cues [30]. A recent line of research also showed horses' abilities to discriminate between human emotional facial and vocal expressions [35,38] and to adjust behavior such as looking time and gaze following according to human facial emotional expressions (happy, neutral, disgust) [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Consequently, it can be expected that horses show advanced communicative skills towards humans. Indeed, horses, as dogs, interpret subtle human head and body cues and showed differing behavior depending on whether a human is paying attention to them or not [24,25]. They also prefer to approach or obey an attentive rather than inattentive experimenter [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Referencing in the Domestic Horse

Schrimpf

Single

Nawroth

2020

Animals

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Dogs and cats use human emotional information directed to an unfamiliar situation to guide their behavior, known as social referencing. It is not clear whether other domestic species show similar socio-cognitive abilities in interacting with humans. We investigated whether horses (n = 46) use human emotional information to adjust their behavior to a novel object and whether the behavior of horses differed depending on breed type. Horses were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an experimenter positioned in the middle of a test arena directed gaze and voice towards the novel object with either (a) a positive or (b) a negative emotional expression. The duration of subjects’ position to the experimenter and the object in the arena, frequency of gazing behavior, and physical interactions (with either object or experimenter) were analyzed. Horses in the positive condition spent more time between the experimenter and object compared to horses in the negative condition, indicating less avoidance behavior towards the object. Horses in the negative condition gazed more often towards the object than horses in the positive condition, indicating increased vigilance behavior. Breed types differed in their behavior: thoroughbreds showed less human-directed behavior than warmbloods and ponies. Our results provide evidence that horses use emotional cues from humans to guide their behavior towards novel objects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Referencing in the Domestic Horse

Schrimpf

Single

Nawroth

2020

Animals

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“…Additionally, the experimenter who was standing beside the participant horse (E2) watched the HR receiver attached to the halter before the start of the trial in this study, which might have increased the horse’s tension. These explanations are plausible because horses are sensitive to human attentional states 32 , 33 and human tension affects the HR of horses 34 . Therefore, their HRs might have started to decrease after the experimenter, who might have been nervous, stopped paying attention to the horses, which was the same time as the start of the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-modal perception of human emotion in domestic horses (Equus caballus)

Nakamura

Takimoto-Inose

Hasegawa

2018

Sci Rep

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Humans have domesticated many kinds of animals in their history. Dogs and horses have particularly close relationships with humans as cooperative partners. However, fewer scientific studies have been conducted on cognition in horses compared to dogs. Studies have shown that horses cross-modally distinguish human facial expressions and recognize familiar people, which suggests that they also cross-modally distinguish human emotions. In the present study, we used the expectancy violation method to investigate whether horses cross-modally perceive human emotions. Horses were shown a picture of a human facial expression on a screen, and they then heard a human voice from the speaker before the screen. The emotional values of the visual and auditory stimuli were the same in the congruent condition and different in the incongruent condition. Horses looked at the speaker significantly longer in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition when they heard their caretaker’s voices but not when they heard the stranger voice. In addition, they responded significantly more quickly to the voice in the incongruent condition than in the congruent one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that horses cross-modally recognized the emotional states of their caretakers and strangers.

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“…The timid horses did not show any reluctance behavior, such as rearing, throwing themselves backward or sideways, and/or kicking, which should occur because the escape is suspected as a horses' first reaction to frightening stimuli [16]. Perhaps these horses interpret subtle human head and body cues and showed differing behavior depending on the handles' signals and emotions [47,48]. However, due to the lack of clear behaviors typical of aversion, stress, and resistance, the possibility of handler reaction is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Horse Behavior, Physiology and Emotions during Habituation to a Treadmill

Maśko

Domino

Lewczuk

et al. 2020

Animals

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A treadmill is an important tool in the equine analysis of gait, lameness, and hoof balance, as well as for the evaluation of horse rehabilitation or poor performance including dynamic endoscopy. Before all of these uses, horses have to be habituated to a treadmill locomotion. We used principal component analysis to evaluate the relationship between aspects of the horse’s temperament and emotional response, and progress in the behavioral habituation to a treadmill. Fourteen horses were tested, by the same familiar handler, using the novel object test, the handling test, and both positive and negative emotional response tests. Then, four stages of gradual habituation of the first work on a treadmill were conducted. Each time, the horse’s behavior was filmed. Data obtained from ethograms and heart rate measurements were tested. Four principal components were identified in examined horses: “Flightiness”, “Freeziness”, “Curiosity”, and “Timidity”. Flightiness was connected with nervousness, agitation by new objects, and easy excitability, and gradually decreased of features during habituation. Timidity was associated with a lack of courage and stress in new situations, and those features strongly increased when the treadmill was introduced. Freeziness and Curiosity features showed strong stability throughout the whole habituation. The results of this study provide evidence for a connection between temperament, emotional response, and habituation process in a horse.

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HORSES (<i>EQUUS CABALLUS</i>) ADAPTIVELY CHANGE THE MODALITY OF THEIR BEGGING BEHAVIOR AS A FUNCTION OF HUMAN ATTENTIONAL STATES

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Social Referencing in the Domestic Horse

Social Referencing in the Domestic Horse

Cross-modal perception of human emotion in domestic horses (Equus caballus)

Horse Behavior, Physiology and Emotions during Habituation to a Treadmill

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