AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the feedback from the reviewers. There are no conflicts of interest for any of the authors. SD wrote the initial drafts for sections 1, 2 and 6. PT and BJ wrote the initial drafts for sections 3, 4 and 5. All authors contributed to the finalising the paper and revising the paper based on reviewers' comments. PT is the overall guarantor for the paper.
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Abstract:Within health technology assessment (HTA), cost-effectiveness analysis and budget impact analyses have been broadly accepted as important components of decision making. However, whilst they address efficiency and affordability, the issue of implementation and feasibility has been largely ignored. HTA commonly takes place within a deliberative framework that captures issues of implementation and feasibility in a qualitative manner.We argue that only through a formal, quantitative assessment of resource constraints can these issues be fully addressed. This paper argues the need for resource modelling to be considered explicitly in health technology assessment (HTA). First, economic evaluation and budget impact models are described along with their limitations in evaluating feasibility. Next, resource modelling is defined and its usefulness is described along with examples of resource modelling from the literature. Then, the important issues that need to be considered when undertaking resource modelling are described before setting out recommendations for the use of resource modelling in HTA.
Key Points for Decision Makers• Economic analyses typically ignore the short term constraints (e.g. beds, availability of CT scanners, nurses, etc) which might lead to low levels of uptake.• A quantitative assessment of technology diffusion, its related resource requirements and capacity constraints is required for uptake to be formally considered by decision makers • Resource modelling is especially useful if there are significant changes in the amount or type of resources needed within the pathway by implementing the new technology • Modelling techniques exist that can capture these resource implications and these analyses can be performed at a national level or at an organisational level 3