Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vallès, Xavier; Marcos, Ascensión; Pinart, Mariona; Piñer, Raquel; Marco, Francesc; Torres, Antoni

doi:10.1378/chest.130.3.800

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Among the main problems hampering the choice of an appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment of S. pneumoniae infections are the current high levels of antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, overall levels of nonsusceptibility to oral benzylpenicillin (13.4%), amoxicillin (2%), cefotaxime (1%), erythromycin (12%), and levofloxacin (0.8%) in S. pneumoniae isolates from elderly patients with pneumonia were lower than the percentages of resistance described in other studies of pneumococcal pneumonia performed in Spain (7,14,30,31). Additionally, and in agreement with recent studies (10,24,31), the trend toward a decrease in nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates seems to be continuing and is associated with a decrease in episodes of pneumonia caused by PCV7 serotypes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Elderly Patients with Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pérez-Trallero

Marimón

Larruskain

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In the elderly, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of pneumonia and one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in cases of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). This study was conducted to compare the pneumococcal isolates obtained during episodes of AECOPD and pneumonia in patients of >65 years old and to analyze whether in patients with AECOPD and pneumonia within a short interval, the same isolate caused both episodes. This laboratory-based study was performed between 2005 and 2008. Pneumococcal isolates from episodes of pneumonia (n ‫؍‬ 401) and AECOPD (n ‫؍‬ 398), matched one-to-one by date of isolation, were characterized. The serotypes and genotypes of other pneumococcal isolates causing pneumonia and AECOPD in the same patient were compared. In patients with pneumonia, COPD as an underlying disease was not associated with more-drug-resistant pneumococci. In contrast, isolates causing AECOPD showed higher rates of resistance than those causing pneumonia. Serotypes 1, 3, and 7F were more frequent in pneumonia. The same pneumococcus was involved in 25.7% (9/35 patients) of patients with two consecutive AECOPD episodes but in only 6.3% (2/32 patients) of COPD patients with pneumonia and exacerbation (Fisher's exact test; P ‫؍‬ 0.047). Less invasive serotypes were isolated more often in AECOPD and were more resistant to antimicrobials. The presence of a specific pneumococcal serotype in AECOPD does not predict the etiology of subsequent pneumonia.The elderly are generally accepted to be more vulnerable to infections than younger people. Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population. Increased susceptibility to infections has been attributed not only to anatomical, physiological, and/or immunological aging but also to an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (18). Pneumococcal pneumonia is the leading cause of death attributable to infectious diseases in developed countries. To prevent pneumococcal disease in people over the age of 64 years, the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) was introduced in our region (Basque Country, northern Spain) in autumn 2007. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) for children was introduced in Spain in June 2001, but the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was not introduced until June 2010.Bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contributes to airway inflammation and modulates exacerbations. The prevalence of bacterial colonization of the airways in stable COPD is high (20,25,28). Most exacerbations are infectious, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is frequently found both in stable periods and in exacerbations. As a consequence of acute exacerbations, patients with COPD receive frequent courses of antimicrobial treatment, which has been associated directly with a higher prevalence of resistant pneumococci (2).The main aim of this study was to determine whether the ser...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Elderly Patients with Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pérez-Trallero

Marimón

Larruskain

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…4 The more common serotypes among the ermB-positive isolates were 3 (39 isolates), 23F (9), 6B (7), 14 (6), and 19F (5). Thirty-eight of the 40 serotype 3 and ST180 clones were highly-resistant to erythromycin and possessed the ermB gene (Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characteristics of serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among community-acquired pneumonia patients in Japan

Isozumi

Ito

Ishida

et al. 2008

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…Data for isolates collected over a five-year period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) showed that the prevalence of PNSP strains, ranging from < 5% to > 40%, was higher in southern and central than in northern European countries (Bruinsma et al 2004); the prevalence decreased in Belgium (13% to 9%), Ireland (19% to 10%), UK (7% to 3%) and Spain (33% to 29%) during this time. This decrease is thought to be due to the use of PCV-7 vaccination programs (Vallès et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Tohoku District of Japan: A Longitudinal Analysis from 1998 to 2007

Nishimaki

Okuyama

et al. 2010

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Elderly Patients with Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Elderly Patients with Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Molecular characteristics of serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among community-acquired pneumonia patients in Japan

Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Tohoku District of Japan: A Longitudinal Analysis from 1998 to 2007

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