Host Adaptation of Pigeon Isolates of
            <i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            subsp.
            <i>enterica</i>
            Serovar Typhimurium Variant Copenhagen Phage Type 99 Is Associated with Enhanced Macrophage Cytotoxicity

Pasmans, Frank; Immerseel, Filip Van; Heyndrickx, Marc; Martel, An; Godard, C.; Wildemauwe, Christa; Ducatelle, Richard; Haesebrouck, Freddy

doi:10.1128/iai.71.10.6068-6074.2003

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…First, the results of the microarray analysis showed that the genetic differences between these isolates are small, and they confirmed previous results that different isolates of the same serotype are very closely related (3,4). A recent pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of 38 DT99 pigeon isolates and 18 isolates from other species indicated that the DT99 isolates examined were essentially clonal (24).…”

Section: Vol 186 2004 Differences Between Serotype Typhimurium Isolsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…On this basis, the existence of a serotype Typhimurium "pigeon type" has been proposed (22,32,35,37). Recent in vivo experiments testing the virulence in pigeons of pigeon (DT99; Copenhagen) and porcine (also Copenhagen) isolates of serotype Typhimurium showed that porcine isolates are less virulent in pigeons, causing lower mortality, a less severe clinical syndrome, and lower bacterial load in internal organs (24). A reasonable hypothesis based on these observations is that DT2 and DT99 pigeon isolates have additional genetic determi-nants, not shared by other serotype Typhimurium phage type isolates, that allow them to be better pathogens in pigeons.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Pigeon Isolates Does Not Correlate with Loss of Discrete Genes

et al. 2004

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The definitive phage types (DT) 2 and 99 of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium are epidemiologically correlated with a host range restricted to pigeons, in contrast to phage types with broader host ranges such as epidemic cattle isolates (DT104 and DT204). To determine whether phage types with broad host range possess genetic islands absent from host-restricted phage types, we compared the genomes of four pigeon isolates to serotype Typhimurium strain LT2 using a DNA microarray. Three of the four isolates tested caused fluid accumulation in bovine ligated ileal loops, but they had reduced colonization of liver and spleen in susceptible BALB/c mice and were defective for intestinal persistence in Salmonella-resistant CBA mice. The genomes of the DT99 and DT2 isolates were extremely similar to the LT2 genome, with few notable differences on the level of complete individual genes. Two large groups of genes representing the Fels-1 and Fels-2 prophages were missing from the DT2 and DT99 phage types we analyzed. One of the DT99 isolates examined was lacking a third cluster of five chromosomal genes (STM1555 to -1559). Results of the microarray analysis were extended using Southern analysis to a collection of 75 serotype Typhimurium clinical isolates of 24 different phage types. This analysis revealed no correlation between the presence of Fels-1, Fels-2, or STM1555 to -1559 and the association of phage types with different host reservoirs. We conclude that serotype Typhimurium phage types with broad host range do not possess genetic islands influencing host restriction, which are absent from the host-restricted pigeon isolates.

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Section: Vol 186 2004 Differences Between Serotype Typhimurium Isolsupporting

confidence: 69%

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confidence: 99%

Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Pigeon Isolates Does Not Correlate with Loss of Discrete Genes

et al. 2004

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“…[14][15][16]18,24,34 The prevalence of Salmonella infection in turtles varies in different studies, ranging from 2.6% to 72.2%. 18,24,27 In the current study, Salmonella was recovered from 24.3% of the turtles tested. Seasonal behaviors, such as hibernation, have been speculated to result in a low isolation rate of Salmonella in turtles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonellae Isolates from Reptiles in Taiwan

Chen

Chin

et al. 2010

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Pets, including reptiles, have been shown to be a source of Salmonella infection in humans. Due to increasing popularity and variety of exotic reptiles as pets in recent years, more human clinical cases of reptile-associated Salmonella infection have been identified. However, limited information is available with regard to serotypes in different reptiles (turtles, snakes, and lizards) and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in pet reptiles. The current study was thus conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella colonization in pet reptiles. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 30.9% of 476 reptiles investigated. The isolation prevalences were 69.7% (23/33), 62.8% (27/43), and 24.3% (97/400) in snakes, lizards, and turtles, respectively. A total of 44 different Salmonella serovars were identified. Compared with S. Heron, Bredeney, Treforest, and 4, [5],12:i:-, S. Typhimurium isolates were resistant to many antimicrobials tested, and notably 61.1% of the isolates were resistant to cephalothin. The results indicated that raising reptiles as pets could be a possible source of Salmonella infection in humans, particularly zoonotic Salmonella serovars such as S. Typhimurium that may be resistant to antimicrobials.

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“…enterica serovar Typhimurium variant Copenhagen are considered a hostadapted lineage of the serovar Typhimurium (5,6,8). As might be expected from host restricted Salmonella strains (3,10), these pigeon isolates are highly virulent to pigeons (6,7). Adaptation to one host often coincides with low virulence to other hosts, such as humans (3,10).…”

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Assessment of Virulence of Pigeon Isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Variant Copenhagen for Humans

et al. 2004

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium variant Copenhagen was isolated from 5 of 152 (3.3%) feral pigeons from the city of Ghent (Belgium) and from 26 pooled fecal samples from 114 pigeon lofts (22.8%). These isolates belonged to phage type (PT) 99. Seven of the pigeon isolates were further compared in vitro to five human variant Copenhagen isolates, 2 isolates of PT 208, 1 isolate each of PT 120 and U302, and a nontypeable isolate. No differences in invasiveness in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were found. The human strains, however, were able to multiply significantly more inside human THP-1 macrophages than the pigeon strains. After inoculation of mice with a pigeon PT 99 strain, high numbers of Salmonella bacteria were shed with the feces, the internal organs were heavily colonized, and the animals showed severe clinical symptoms resulting in death. In conclusion, the less-pronounced ability of the pigeon variant Copenhagen strains to multiply inside human macrophages than human strains as well as the lack of human PT 99 isolates during 2002, despite the relatively high frequency of this PT in the pigeon population, suggest these strains to be of low virulence to humans. However, the high virulence for mice of the tested strain implies that rodents may act as reservoirs.Because of the high numbers of free-roaming and captive pigeons in Belgium and their well known association with Salmonella, pigeons might be a source of salmonellosis in humans. Pigeon isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium variant Copenhagen are considered a hostadapted lineage of the serovar Typhimurium (5, 6, 8). As might be expected from host restricted Salmonella strains (3, 10), these pigeon isolates are highly virulent to pigeons (6, 7). Adaptation to one host often coincides with low virulence to other hosts, such as humans (3, 10). It was the aim of the present study to determine the virulence of pigeon-associated Salmonella strains for humans by using epidemiological data, in vitro enterocyte and macrophage models, and an in vivo murine model. The in vitro and in vivo models have been previously used to assess virulence of Salmonella strains for humans (1). MATERIALS AND METHODSPrevalence of pigeon-adapted variant Copenhagen strains in pigeons and humans. For the pigeon strains, pooled fecal samples from 114 different pigeon lofts in Belgium and pooled samples from the intestines, livers, and spleens of 152 feral pigeons from the city of Ghent (Belgium) were examined for the presence of Salmonella. The samples were enriched overnight in tetrathionate brilliant green broth (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) at 37°C and then streaked onto brilliant green agar (Lab-M, Bury, United Kingdom). Colonies with characteristics of Salmonella were further identified biochemically on the basis of glucose fermentation, sulfur reduction, the presence of lysine decarboxylation, the absence of lactose fermentation, and urease production. The isolates were serotyped by means of agglutination tests by using single-fa...

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Host Adaptation of Pigeon Isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Variant Copenhagen Phage Type 99 Is Associated with Enhanced Macrophage Cytotoxicity

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Pigeon Isolates Does Not Correlate with Loss of Discrete Genes

Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Pigeon Isolates Does Not Correlate with Loss of Discrete Genes

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonellae Isolates from Reptiles in Taiwan

Assessment of Virulence of Pigeon Isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Variant Copenhagen for Humans

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