Host age influence on the intensity of experimental<i>Trichuris suis</i>infection in pigs

Pedersen, Susanne K.; Saeed, I.

doi:10.1051/parasite/200209175

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This usually follows a negative binomial distribution, with relatively few hosts harboring many, if not most, of the parasites (Crofton 1971, Poulin 2013). This distribution has also been reported in laboratory transmission studies with nematodes in pigs (Roepstorff et al 1997, Pedersen & Saeed 2002) and mice (Kemmer & Hiorns 1986). This observation extends to laboratory studies with fish parasites; a fish copepod Argulus coregoni sp.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Laboratory studies provide the possibility to control or limit many of the factors affecting aggregation within studies. Two studies with pigs exposed to either Ascaris suum (Roepstorff et al 1997) or Trichuris suis (Pedersen & Saeed 2002) are particularly noteworthy as the pigs were orally infected with defined numbers of larvated eggs. The mode of infection, ingestion of larvated eggs, was the same as that in our study with P. tomentosa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio: patterns of infection and dose response

et al. 2018

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Parasites in wild populations almost always exhibit aggregation (overdispersion), in which relatively few hosts are infected with high numbers of the parasites. This pattern of infection has also been observed in laboratory studies, where many of the sources of natural variation are removed. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Nematoda) is common in zebrafish (Danio rerio) facilities. We describe here patterns of infections in zebrafish experimentally infected with larvated eggs in various trials with defined numbers of eggs. One trial with eggs delivered in a gelatin diet is also included. Fish were exposed at 25, 75, and 200 eggs/fish, and the minimal infectious dose was estimated to be 1.5 eggs/fish. The ID50 (50% infection) was calculated to be 17.5 eggs/ fish. We also included data from a trial and two previously published experiments with undefined doses in which zebrafish were exposed to infectious water and detritus from a tank that previously contained infected fish. All doses resulted in a high prevalence of infection (> 70 %), except at the 25 eggs/fish dose, where the prevalence was 43–46%. Mean abundance of worms corresponded to dose, from 0.57 worms/fish at 25 eggs/fish to 7 worms/fish at 200 eggs/fish. Variance/mean (V/M) and the k parameters showed aggregation across the 8 separate trials, including the gelatin diet. Aggregation increased with increased parasite abundance. Given the consistent observation of aggregation across our experiments, the zebrafish/P. tomentosa system provides a potentially robust, high-throughput model to investigate factors that influence differences in host susceptibility within defined populations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio: patterns of infection and dose response

et al. 2018

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“…Pigs acquire protective immunity from experimental inoculation with eggs 7 – 9 and express an age-related resistance to natural infection 10 similar to that seen in humans 11 . Increased parasite-specific antibody 12 and pathology at the site of infection in the cecum and proximal colon 13 , 14 is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infection of intestinal tissue 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Molecular and metabolomic changes in the proximal colon of pigs infected with Trichuris suis

Dawson

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the pig whipworm Trichuris suis is important in swine production because of its negative effects on pig performance and, notably, to some humans with inflammatory bowel disease as a therapeutic agent that modulates inflammation. The proximal colon of T. suis-infected pigs exhibited general inflammation around day 21 after inoculation with infective eggs that is transcriptionally characterized by markers of type-2 immune activation, inflammation, cellular infiltration, tissue repair enzymes, pathways of oxidative stress, and altered intestinal barrier function. prominent gene pathways involved the Th2-response, de novo cholesterol synthesis, fructose and glucose metabolism, basic amino acid metabolism, and bile acid transport. Upstream regulatory factor analysis implicated the bile acid/farnesoid X receptor in some of these processes. Metabolic analysis indicated changes in fatty acids, antioxidant capacity, biochemicals related to methylation, protein glycosylation, extracellular matrix structure, sugars, Krebs cycle intermediates, microbe-derived metabolites and altered metabolite transport. Close to 1,200 differentially expressed genes were modulated in the proximal colon of pigs with a persistent adult worm infection that was nearly 90% lower in pigs that had expelled worms. the results support a model to test diets that favorably alter the microbiome and improve host intestinal health in both pigs and humans exposed to Trichuris.

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“…Furthermore, if children are treated, it is impossible to know whether a treatment with T. suis will have the same safety profile as in adults. Piglets are more susceptible to T. suis infection than adult pigs are [66]. A solution to these prospective problems would be to identify the products produced by the helminths that are causing the anti-allergic effects.…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Can helminths or helminth-derived products be used in humans to prevent or treat allergic diseases?

Erb

2009

Trends in Immunology

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Host age influence on the intensity of experimentalTrichuris suisinfection in pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio: patterns of infection and dose response

Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio: patterns of infection and dose response

Molecular and metabolomic changes in the proximal colon of pigs infected with Trichuris suis

Can helminths or helminth-derived products be used in humans to prevent or treat allergic diseases?

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