HOST FINDING BY APHIDS IN THE FIELD: GYNOPARAE OF <i>MYZUS PERSICAE</i> (SULZER)

Kennedy, J. S.; Booth, C.; Kershaw, W. J. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1959.tb07276.x

Cited by 97 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Myzus persicae, although a polyphagous, is a pest mostly of dicot plants, and showed distinct preference for cabbage over wheat. These observations differ from some earlier studies that indicate that aphids do not show clear discrimination between host and non-host until they have landed and inserted stylets (Kennedy et al 1959a(Kennedy et al , b, 1961. The cues detected by aphids before landing seem to play more dominant role than previously appreciated (Powell et al 2006), at least with the three species of aphids in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in migratory alate aphids in Yunnan Province of China

Chen

Feng

2007

BioControl

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Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in migratory alate aphids was investigated by trapping air-borne aphids on cabbage and wheat plants and observing the insects for fungal infection. Potted cabbage and wheat plants put 30 m apart on yellow cloth, were placed on the top of a tall building (six-story building) in Yunnan Province, China away from cultivated fields or other vegetation. Seven species of aphids trapped on the plants collected and monitored for fungal infection in the laboratory at a daily basis from 19 February to 31 December, 2003. Aphids were trapped every day during the experimental period. A total of 3,681 aphids were trapped on cabbage and 3,028 on wheat. Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), and Sitobion avenae (F.) were the major aphid species accounting for 94.7 and 93.1% of the insect specimens landing on cabbage and wheat, respectively. Other aphis species encountered included, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Pemphigus sinobursaris Zhang, and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Preference for host plant played significant role in attraction of aphids, especially of the three major species. Accumulated over the whole experimental period nearly 33% of the aphids landing on cabbage and 37% landing on wheat were infected with fungi. Erynia neoaphidis Remaudiere and Hennebert, Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu, and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuilemin were the major fungal pathogens encountered and accounted for nearly 95% of the infested aphids on cabbage and 97% on wheat. Other entomopathogenic fungi encountered included Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall and Dunn) Remaudiere, and Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith, and Aspergillus flavus Link. Although the number of aphids trapped throughout the experimental period did not vary consistently with temperature or humidity, the fungal was directly related to relative humidity. Higher insect mortality, especially due to Entomophthorales, positively related relative humidity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in migratory alate aphids in Yunnan Province of China

Chen

Feng

2007

BioControl

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“…However, the majority of alighters were still not ready to settle even on a suitable winter host plant. The gynoparae of M.persicae behaved in a similar manner (Kennedy et al, 1959a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This, together with the finding that gynoparae are faster upward fliers than virginoparae, offers support to other distinctions in flight behaviour referred to in the literature. Thus M.persicae and A.fabae are reported to fly higher in the autumn (gynoparae) than they do in the summer (alate virginoparae) (see Kennedy et al, 1959a), A.fabae gynoparae take off at higher wind speeds (3.2 m/s) than summer alates (1.3-2.7 m/s: Haine, 1955) while gynoparae of Rhopalosiphum padi will fly at lower temperatures (9-1WC) than summer forms (13-14°C: Wiktelius, 1981). Indeed, each of these observations substantiates the idea that gynoparae 'possess an intense urge to fly' (Bodenheimer & Swirski, 1956).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The visual responses of free‐flying summer and autumn forms of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, in an automated flight chamber

David

Hardie

1988

Physiological Entomology

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Summer (virginoparae) and autumn (gynoparae) winged forms of Aphisfabae were flown in an automated flight chamber for up to 100 min, while being exposed to a small green target at their own level for 5 s of eac,h minute. Virginoparae climbed more slowly than gynoparae and responded to the target by turning towards it throughout experimental flights. Gynoparae, on the other hand, were almost completely unresponsive to the target, although some individuals began to respond after an hour or more of flight. The differences between the two migratory forms are discussed with reference to previous work on aphid flight behaviour in the field and the laboratory.

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“…on a combination of both host and non-host plants followed by brief feeding probes allows for successful transmission of nonpersistent viruses (25). Therefore, adjacent crops, infected alternative weed hosts, and perennial pastures containing legumes may all be considered as candidate sources of inocula for aphids to acquire and transmit AMV and CMV to P. vulgaris.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop and Non-Crop Plants as Potential Reservoir Hosts of Alfalfa mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus for Spread to Commercial Snap Bean

2012

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Mueller, E. E.. Groves, R. L., and Gratton, C. 2012. Crop and non-crop plants as potential reservoir hosts of Alfalfa tnosaic virus and Cucttmber mosaic virus for spread to commercial snap bean. Plant Dis. 96:506-514.Diseases caused by aphid-transmitted viruses such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cttcumber tnosaic virus (CMV) have increased in snap bean {Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Midwestern United States. Plants immediately surrounding agricultural fields may serve as primary virus inocula for aphids to acquire and transmit to bean crops. Tbc project objectives were to (i) identify potentially important AMV and CMV reservoirs among naturally infected plants and (ii) determine the relationship between the virus inoculum potential (VIP) in adjacent crop field margins and virus incidence in P. vutgaris. From 2006 to 2008. surveys were conducted to quantify the virus incidence and per-centage cover (2008 only) of plants present within 5 m of the P. vutgaris crop. In all. 4.350 individual plants representing 44 species were assayed, with overall AMV and CMV incidences averaging 12 and 1.5%, respectively. A VIP index was developed and used to rank the importance of virus-susceptible plants in adjacent field margins. The overall VIP index for AMV in field margins was weakly associated with AMV incidence in P. vutgaris and no relationship was observed between local CMV inoculum and P. vutgaris incidence, suggesting that factors additional to local inoculum sources may influence CMV epidemics in P. vulgaris. Since the establishment of the soybean apbid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in 2000, viral diseases have become more prevalent in commercially grown crops in the Midwestern United States. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and pepper (Cttpsicum anituum L.) are a few examples of cultivated plants wbere increased incidence of apbid-transmitted viruses have been observed and have resulted in significant crop loss (5,29.34.35.40). In Wisconsin, yield reductions in P. vutgaris have been attributed, in part, to the abortion of developing flowers as well as malformed, unmarketable pods caused by infections of nonpersistently transmitted viruses, sucb as Atfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cucumber mosaic virtts (CM\)(\1,T1).As members of the virus family Bromoviridae, AMV and CMV can infect a wide variety of host species. Over 600 plant species are reported to be susceptible to AMV infection, especially plants of the Fabaceae family. AMV generally incites cbaracteristic yellow, bright-green "mosaic" foliar discoloration throughout the leaf surface and, in P. vulgaris, AMV infections are often localized but occasionally produce systemic symptoms such as stunting, yellow spotting on leaves, and pod deformation (22,23.52,53). CMV can infect over 885 plant species, resulting in numerous foliar symptoms, including vein clearing, leaf blistering, and pod distortion in P. vulgaris (38,39). Additional symptoms induced by CMV in P. vulgaris include gre...

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HOST FINDING BY APHIDS IN THE FIELD: GYNOPARAE OF MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER)

Cited by 97 publications

References 20 publications

Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in migratory alate aphids in Yunnan Province of China

Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in migratory alate aphids in Yunnan Province of China

The visual responses of free‐flying summer and autumn forms of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, in an automated flight chamber

Crop and Non-Crop Plants as Potential Reservoir Hosts of Alfalfa mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus for Spread to Commercial Snap Bean

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