Host-Gut Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Adaptation

Marchix, Justine; Goddard, Gillian R.; Helmrath, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.024

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Most studies on IBD have reported a decreased α-diversity of microbiota, which were similar with that of IBS (Dovrolis et al, 2019; Franzosa et al, 2019). In addition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were reported to be decreased in IBD patients, which is associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis (Marchix et al, 2018). However, no significant difference on the level of SCFAs in IBS patients was reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Signature in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. However, the underlying mechanism of IBS is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate potential mechanism and novel biomarkers of IBS through evaluation of the metabolomic and microbiologic profile.Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 15 irritable bowel syndrome patients and 15 healthy controls. By using gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, fecal metabolites and microbiota of healthy controls and the IBS patients were measured.Results: IBS patients had a significantly differential metabolite profile as compared to healthy controls, and 4 clusters with 31 metabolites, including a group of amino acids and fatty acids, were significantly up-regulated as compared to the healthy controls. In addition, 19 microbes were significantly up-regulated, and 12 microbes were down-regulated in the IBS group, when compared with the healthy controls. Some clusters of fecal metabolites or microorganisms were significantly correlated with the severity of IBS symptoms, such as the frequency of abdominal pain/discomfort and the number of bowel movements. Correlation of the metabolite levels with abundances of microbial genera showed some statistically significant metabolite-microbe associations. Four differentially abundant amino acids clustered together were positively correlated with some microbes, including Lachnospira, Clostridium, and so on.Conclusion: The finding of this study puts a global perspective on metabolomics and microbiota profiling in IBS patients and provides a theoretical basis for future research on pathophysiology of IBS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Signature in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…After the gastrointestinal tract niche is destroyed, remodeling of homeostasis occurs as a spontaneous physiological compensatory process [ 9 ]. That said, the microbiome and host assemble anew to adapt a changed niche at any given time according to available metabolites and physical environment conditions [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome–host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to a high-grain diet in a sheep model

Lin

Wang

et al. 2020

anim microbiome

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Background Ruminant gastrointestinal tract homeostasis deploys interactive microbiome–host metabolic communication and signaling axes to underpin the fitness of the host. After this stable niche is destroyed by environmental triggers, remodeling of homeostasis can occur as a spontaneous physiological compensatory actor. Results In this study, 20 sheep were randomly divided into four groups: a hay-fed control (CON) group and a high-grain (HG) diet group for 7, 14, or 28 days. Then, we examined 16S rRNA gene sequences and transcriptome sequences to outline the microbiome–host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis in a sheep model during adaptation to a HG diet. Our data revealed that with durations of an HG diet, the higher starch levels directly affected the colonic lumen environment (lower pH and higher fermentation parameters), which in turn filtered lumen-specific functional taxonomic groups (HG-sensitive and HG-tolerant taxa). The colonic epithelium then gave rise to a new niche that triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress to activate unfolded protein response, if the duration of endoplasmic reticulum stress was overlong, this process would regulate cell apoptosis ( Caspase-3 , Caspase-8 , and TNFRSF21 ) to achieve a functional transformation. Conclusions Our results provide a holistic view of the colonic microbial assemblages and epithelium functional profile co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to an HG diet in a sheep model. These findings also provide a proof of concept that the microbe – host collaboration is vital for maintaining hindgut homeostasis to adapt to dietary dichotomies.

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“…We have analyzed small bowel biopsies as well as in vitro enteroid and stromal ISEMF cell culture models to begin to elucidate underlying mechanisms for the human adaptive response and to identify potential novel targets for therapy. Our study is unique in that we have obtained mucosal small bowel biopsies from a large cohort of SBS patients, a critically important step forward since this is a clinically heterogeneous population (37). Prior studies (5,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) of the cellular and morphometric features of the human gut adaptive response have been limited by small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell and niche regulation in human short bowel syndrome

et al. 2020

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Loss of functional small bowel surface area following surgical resection for disorders such as Crohn's disease, intestinal ischemic injury, radiation enteritis, and in children, necrotizing enterocolitis, atresia and gastroschisis, may result in short bowel syndrome, with attendant high morbidity, mortality and health care costs in the U.S. Following resection, the remaining small bowel epithelium mounts an adaptive response resulting in increased crypt cell proliferation, increased villus height, crypt depth and enhanced nutrient and electrolyte absorption. Although these morphologic and functional changes are well-described in animal models, the adaptive response in humans is less well understood, and clinically the response is unpredictable and often inadequate. Here we address the hypotheses that human intestinal stem cell populations are expanded and the stem cell niche is regulated following massive gut resection in short bowel syndrome. We use intestinal enteroid cultures from SBS patients to show that the magnitude and phenotype of the adaptive stem cell response is regulated by stromal niche cells including intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts, which are activated by intestinal resection to enhance epithelial stem and proliferative cell responses. Our data suggest that myofibroblast regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways plays a role in the gut adaptive response post resection.

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Host-Gut Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Adaptation

Cited by 41 publications

References 146 publications

Identification of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Signature in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Identification of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Signature in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Microbiome–host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to a high-grain diet in a sheep model

Stem cell and niche regulation in human short bowel syndrome

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