Microbiome–host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to a high-grain diet in a sheep model

Abstract

Background Ruminant gastrointestinal tract homeostasis deploys interactive microbiome–host metabolic communication and signaling axes to underpin the fitness of the host. After this stable niche is destroyed by environmental triggers, remodeling of homeostasis can occur as a spontaneous physiological compensatory actor. Results In this study, 20 sheep were randomly divided into four groups: a hay-fed control (CON) group and a high-grain (HG) diet group for 7, 14, or 28 days. Then, we examined 16S rRNA gene sequences and transcriptome sequences to outline the microbiome–host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis in a sheep model during adaptation to a HG diet. Our data revealed that with durations of an HG diet, the higher starch levels directly affected the colonic lumen environment (lower pH and higher fermentation parameters), which in turn filtered lumen-specific functional taxonomic groups (HG-sensitive and HG-tolerant taxa). The colonic epithelium then gave rise to a new niche that triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress to activate unfolded protein response, if the duration of endoplasmic reticulum stress was overlong, this process would regulate cell apoptosis ( Caspase-3 , Caspase-8 , and TNFRSF21 ) to achieve a functional transformation. Conclusions Our results provide a holistic view of the colonic microbial assemblages and epithelium functional profile co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to an HG diet in a sheep model. These findings also provide a proof of concept that the microbe – host collaboration is vital for maintaining hindgut homeostasis to adapt to dietary dichotomies.

Mucosal Microbiota and Metabolome in the Ileum of Hu Sheep Offered a Low-Grain, Pelleted or Non-pelleted High-Grain Diet

“…However, studies on the mucosal microbiota of the ileum and the effects of HG or HP diets on them are limited. At present, 16S rRNA sequencing with an Illumina MiSeq Platform provides an efficient mean to study the intestinal microbiota ( Rapin et al, 2017 ), and also has been widely used in ruminant researches ( Li et al, 2018 ; Lin et al, 2020 ). Through sequencing, our results provide an overview of the microbial composition of the ileal mucosa of the Hu sheep.…”

Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction

“…The diet fed to ruminants is the primary determinant of bacterial community structure (95)(96)(97). Co-oscillations of microbiota are very important to maintaining homeostasis in gastrointestinal ecology after dietary perturbations (98). It is important to adjust the animal diet according to their age and physiological condition and to provide proper time to adapt to different dietary changes.…”

“…Feeding a high-starch diet can directly affect the colonic lumen environment, which in turn alters the lumen-specific functional taxonomic groups ( Akkermansia , unclassified Christensenellaceae , and vadinBB60 ). Consequently, the colonic epithelium makes a new niche that triggers cell apoptosis to achieve a functional transformation ( 98 ). These studies suggested that microbe–host interaction is vital for remodeling of hindgut homeostasis to allow adaptation to dietary perturbations.…”

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute negatively to hindgut barrier function development at the early weaning goat model

“…A 1% agarose gel electrophoresis was used to assess the quality of the extracted DNA. The primers 338F (5 0 -ACTCCTACGG-GAGGCAG CAG-3 0 ) and 806R (5 0 -GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3 0 )on a thermocycler PCR system (Gene Amp 9700, ABI, USA) were used to amplify the V3eV4 region of the DNA (Lin et al, 2020). The pairedend sequencing (2 Â 300 bp) on an Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina, San Diego, USA) was conducted according to the standard Major Biobio-Pharm Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) protocols on the pooled equimolar ratios of the purified amplicons.…”