Host immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Petry, Franz; Jakobi, Vera; Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2010.05.022

Cited by 85 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…IL-16 was selected and included in the present study to evaluate the efficacy of the immunization since Ag-loaded exosomes stimulate T cells (4,14,19) and IL-16 has two major effects on T cells: promotion of T h 1 cell migration (30) and inhibition of T h 2 cell activation (13). While some reports indicated that a host T h 2 mucosal immune response is associated with the control of some protozoan infections (34,46), other studies revealed that T h 1 immunity was more efficient in conferring protection against infection by apicomplexan parasites (4,19,21). Depending upon the particular pathogen and host species, the local balance between T h 1 and T h 2 cytokine production is crucial for disease outcome (31,36,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Protective Immunity against Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina Infections Using Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACTThis study describes a novel immunization strategy against avian coccidiosis using exosomes derived fromEimeriaparasite antigen (Ag)-loaded dendritic cells (DCs). Chicken intestinal DCs were isolated and pulsedin vitrowith a mixture of sporozoite-extracted Ags fromEimeria tenella,E. maxima, andE. acervulina, and the cell-derived exosomes were isolated. Chickens were nonimmunized or immunized intramuscularly with exosomes and subsequently noninfected or coinfected withE. tenella,E. maxima, andE. acervulinaoocysts. Immune parameters compared among the nonimmunized/noninfected, nonimmunized/infected, and immunized/infected groups were the numbers of cells secreting Th1 cytokines, Th2 cytokines, interleukin-16 (IL-16), and Ag-reactive antibodiesin vitroandin vivoreadouts of protective immunity againstEimeriainfection. Cecal tonsils, Peyer's patches, and spleens of immunized and infected chickens had increased numbers of cells secreting the IL-16 and the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and gamma interferon, greater Ag-stimulated proliferative responses, and higher numbers of Ag-reactive IgG- and IgA-producing cells followingin vitrostimulation with the sporozoite Ags compared with the nonimmunized/noninfected and nonimmunized/infected controls. In contrast, the numbers of cells secreting the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were diminished in immunized and infected chickens compared with the nonimmunized/noninfected and the nonimmunized/infected controls. Chickens immunized with Ag-loaded exosomes and infectedin vivowithEimeriaoocysts had increased body weight gains, reduced feed conversion ratios, diminished fecal oocyst shedding, lessened intestinal lesion scores, and reduced mortality compared with the nonimmunized/infected controls. These results suggest that successful field vaccination against avian coccidiosis using exosomes derived from DCs incubated with Ags isolated fromEimeriaspecies may be possible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Protective Immunity against Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina Infections Using Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes

et al. 2012

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“…Petry and colleagues (246) presented a comprehensive review of both innate and adaptive host immune responses to C. parvum infection. As the relevance and individual contribution of each of these responses remain unclear, the effect of any particular immunosuppressive disorder on the severity of Cryptosporidium infection remains difficult to predict (246). What is clear, however, is the link between an increased severity of disease and certain types of immune suppression.…”

Section: Host Factors and Cryptosporidium Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium Pathogenicity and Virulence

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Several studies have reported different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence amongCryptosporidiumspecies and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. The identification and validation ofCryptosporidiumvirulence factors have been hindered by the renowned difficulties pertaining to thein vitroculture and genetic manipulation of this parasite. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in identifying putative virulence factors forCryptosporidium. This progress has been accelerated since the publication of theCryptosporidium parvumandC. hominisgenomes, with the characterization of over 25 putative virulence factors identified by using a variety of immunological and molecular techniques and which are proposed to be involved in aspects of host-pathogen interactions from adhesion and locomotion to invasion and proliferation. Progress has also been made in the contribution of host factors that are associated with variations in both the severity and risk of infection. Here we provide a review comprised of the current state of knowledge onCryptosporidiuminfectivity, pathogenesis, and transmissibility in light of our contemporary understanding of microbial virulence.

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“…Cryptosporidium, an apicomplexan parasite of public health and veterinary importance, has been observed in the gastrointestinal tract of many, mostly healthy, animals in all five classes of vertebrates (Tzipori & Widmer, 2008;Petry et al, 2010;Bouzid et al, 2013). Cryptosporidiosis, caused by Cryptosporidium spp., is commonly associated with enteritis characterized by acute, watery or steatorrhoeic diarrhoea and colic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%