Host Response to Vaccination

Implications of Intranasal Polyvalent Vaccination for Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage and Neutrophil Functions in Calves

“…Here, it could be observed that intranasal polyvalent vaccination of calves at early stages of life could exert undesirable non-speci c effects, especially in innate immunity, which was critically showed in animals under 15 days of age, which could predispose animals to opportunistic infections. In this regard, it has been proposed that the immunologic response of an animal to vaccination is similar to its response to the natural disease and involves both nonspeci c and speci c aspects of the immune system [5]; this effect may partially explain the reduced functions of the pulmonary alveolar vacuolized macrophages and neutrophils observed in this study, particularly apparent in calves from group A that received the rst vaccination dose on day 15, a result that is likely related to the maturation of the calf's own immune system and/or the presence of maternal antibodies.…”

“…Thus, it is now urgent that the effects of vaccination should be viewed in a much more systematic and open-minded manner [2,3]. Worryingly, a transitory state of immunosuppression subsequently to vaccination has been described in several studies [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Evaluation of antibody response and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis following inoculation of a live attenuated bluetongue virus vaccine in goats

“…Large scale epidemiologic studies performed concomitantly with future vaccination campaigns would be useful to help establish whether vaccination against BTV by use of live attenuated viruses is associated, as reported for other viral diseases 9,14,15 or vaccines, [16][17][18] with immunosuppression or increased risk for infections. Information provided in the Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals 19 indicates that before being authorized for general use, all veterinary biological products should be tested under field conditions to establish safety and detect unexpected reactions.…”

Anti-feline panleukopenia virus serum neutralizing antibody titer in domestic cats with the negative or low hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer

“…Therefore, the presence of anti-FPV antibodies in blood is closely involved in prevention of this disease [9]. Vaccination is an important means to prevent the disease, but the vaccine failure may be led due to host factors, such as stress and maternal antibody, vaccine factors, and human errors [3]. As the method to estimate the immune status of FPV infection, measurement of the blood anti-FPV antibody titer is recommended [22].…”