Host specific endophytic microbiome diversity and associated functions in three varieties of scented black rice are dependent on growth stage

Abstract

The compositional and functional role of the endophytic bacterial community, associated with black scented rice, in correlation with its antioxidant property has been elucidated. Community dissimilarity analysis confirmed the overlapping of community in shoot and root tissues at the young stage, but not in mature plants. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum, in which Agrobacterium, Pleomorphomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Novasphingobium, Caulobacter were the most abundant genera, followed by Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes in all three different varieties of the black rice. The antioxidant activity of mature plants was found to be higher in comparison to young plants. Intrinsically, the relative abundance of Pleomorphomonas and Streptomyces was positively correlated with total phenol content, while Gemmata, unclassified Pirellulaceae, unclassified Stramenopiles positively correlated with total flavonoid content and negatively correlated with Free radical scavenging activity. Accordingly, functional metagenome analysis of the endophytic microbiome revealed that naringenin -3-dioxygenase and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase for phenylpropanoid (flavonoid and anthocyanin) synthesis were abundant in the endophytic microbiome of mature plants. Specific enrichment of the antioxidant producing genes in the mature plant endophytic microbiome was assigned to some bacteria such as Streptomyces, Pantoea which might have contributed to the common pathway of flavonoid synthesis. The genomes of endophytic isolates Kluyvera sp.PO2S7, Bacillus subtilis AMR1 and Enterobacter sp. SES19 were sequenced and annotated, and were found to have genes for phenylpropanoid synthesis in their genomes.

Endophytic bacterial and fungal community compositions in different organs of ginseng (Panax ginseng)

“…The main bacterial phyla in the three different organs of ginseng were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of these species varied between the different organs of ginseng, which is consistent with the results of most studies (Singha et al 2021;Hong et al 2018;Gouda et al 2016). Previous studies have shown that Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were common phyla in plant tissues, they play a key role in participating in host metabolism and maintaining the stability of the endophytic micro ora (Bashir et al 2020;Müller et al 2015).…”

Recent Developments in the Study of Plant Microbiomes

“…In dual receptor recognition, the exchange of signals combined with plant and microbial genetic potential helps to determine the ultimate fate of the interaction [ 23 ]. Finally, although microbes in the soil exist in the presence of a large number of other microbes, plants have to integrate their nutritional status with their expression of immunity to maintain homeostasis [ 21 , 24 ].…”

Endophytes from African Rice (Oryza glaberrima L.) Efficiently Colonize Asian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stimulating the Activity of Its Antioxidant Enzymes and Increasing the Content of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Chlorophyll

“…Host facthat, as already observed for legume plants tors such as genotype and host phylogenetic relationships play a role in shaping endophytic communities of rice cultivars. Furthermore, it is increasingly evident that environmental conditions such as soil nutrition, moisture, and temperature have a direct influence on endophere communities [ 64 ]. O. glaberrima and O. sativa have adapted to growth in very different climatic conditions: O. glaberrima is adapted to harsh African climate and presents resistance or tolerance to viruses, nematode, bacteria, drought, iron toxicity and high salinity [ 65 , 66 ], while O. sativa cv.…”