Hosting major sports events: the challenge of taming white elephants

Alm, Jens; Solberg, Harry Arne; Storm, Rasmus K.; Jakobsen, Tor Georg

doi:10.1080/02614367.2014.994550

Cited by 74 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An example of such failed investment can be seen in stadia: Brasilia in Brazil (the second most expensive football stadium after Wembley); the World Football Championship 2010 stadium in Kaapstad (costing 600 million dollars, currently generates an 8 million dollar loss each year despite being used to organize high profile concerts); or Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium at Port Elizabeth in the Republic of South Africa. The white elephant effect is also noticeable in European stadia, for example, the facilities in Portugal after hosting the European Football Championship [44].…”

Section: Positive and Negative Effects Of Sport Tourism In The Light mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small-Scale Event and a Big Impact—Is This Relationship Possible in the World of Sport? The Meaning of Heritage Sporting Events for Sustainable Development of Tourism—Experiences from Poland

Malchrowicz-Mośko

Poczta

2018

Sustainability

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The theoretical part of this article presents the meaning of sporting events for the tourism industry and the importance of sporting events at a small scale, as well as heritage sporting events for sustainable development of tourist destinations. The literature review shows that there is a clear research gap with respect to the analysis of economic and social impacts of small-scale events. The empirical research was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey during three sporting events of different rank, which took place in Poland and represented various sports disciplines—running, horse riding, and swimming. A total of 2098 respondents took part in the study, including sports tourists and resident-hosts who took part in the studied events. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a link between the rank of a sporting event, the development of tourism, and the impact on the host city’s image. The results of the study showed that the highest additional tourism activity in the city on the occasion of participation in an event as an athlete or supporter was undertaken by the participants of the lowest ranked sporting event (Half-Marathon). They also gave the highest rating of the positive impact of a sporting event on the host city’s image. The hosts also rated the highest social impact from the Half-Marathon (i.e., increased sense of pride, social integration, and local identity). Events related to the heritage of the sport of a given region and other smaller-scale sporting events, including mass sports and recreation events (e.g., marathons and other running events), provide an alternative to homogenized, commercial, and very expensive sporting events in the world and may contribute to the sustainable development of tourist regions. The research results show that big social potential lies in the organization of small-scale sports events. The reflections contained in this article may inspire the organization of small-scale sporting events and the continued care for sporting events related to the cultural heritage of a given region. Events of this kind successfully impact tourist revival and improvement of the regions’ image.

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Section: Positive and Negative Effects Of Sport Tourism In The Light mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small-Scale Event and a Big Impact—Is This Relationship Possible in the World of Sport? The Meaning of Heritage Sporting Events for Sustainable Development of Tourism—Experiences from Poland

Malchrowicz-Mośko

Poczta

2018

Sustainability

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“…1 According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the origins of the term 'white elephant' lie within the seventeenth century accounts of European travellers to South East Asia. 2 The term describes Asian elephants exhibiting a rare form of skin pigmentation resulting in 'pale skin, hair, nails, and eyes'. 3 These animals were venerated within Siamese and Burmese culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding white elephants? The planning and design of London’s 2012 Olympic and Paralympic venues, 2002–2018

Davis

2019

Planning Perspectives

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An issue commonly identified with the vast and costly developments that cities produce to host the Olympic Games is that they are prone to becoming 'white elephants'obsolete or underused constructions that become cost burdens for cities. White elephants are particularly associated with some of the most recent Games of the twenty-first century, as reflected in accounts of 'limping' or obsolete venues in Sydney, Athens, Beijing, Rio and Sochi. This paper begins with a review of issues associated with spatial planning, architecture and planning process in the production of white elephants in Olympic history. It goes on to provide an historical account of London's efforts from 2002 to 2012 avoid attracting a repetition of the critique that followed earlier Olympics. Finally, it assesses its ongoing efforts and record over the six-year period from 2012 to 2018.

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“…Grounded on this premise, each pillar, and its respective factors may be analyzed. Some of these pillars have already been examined using other methodologies related to, for example, training facilities (Alm, Solberg, Storm & Jakobsen, 2016) or sports participation (Weed et al, 2015). However, regarding legacy, an important actor in this context has been ignored: the coach.…”

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confidence: 99%

Olympic Games Rio 2016: The Legacy for Coaches

Santos

2019

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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The purpose of this study is to identify the legacy of the Olympic Games for sports coaches with a special focus on professional education. Thus, in framing this study, two research questions are posed: 1) How did Olympic Games affect the characteristics of the educational activities for coaches? 2) What was the perception about the coaches' education in Brazil, and the legacy of the event for coach's education and career? The methodology used was the content analysis of the websites of National Sports Confederations, Institutions of Higher Education in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and the National and Regional Professional Councils in Brazil, totaling 70 institutions. Concomitantly, interviews were conducted with members of the Ministry of Sport, the Brazilian Olympic Academy, and the Federal Council of Physical Education. The interview questions were grounded on the theoretical framework of Sports Policy Factors Leading To International Sporting Success - SPLISS, which included: 1) the existence of well-trained and experience elite coaches in the country; 2) opportunities to develop their coaching career to become a world-class elite coach; 3) the status of coaches and the recognition of their work as valuable throughout the country. The results indicated that the event brought few benefits to coaches. In addition, according to the interviews, coaches play a secondary role in the organization of the Olympic Games, although they are considered fundamental for the development of the sport. Based on the results, this study discusses the education of coaches and the perceived importance of coaches according to the sports and educational institutions.

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Hosting major sports events: the challenge of taming white elephants

Cited by 74 publications

References 17 publications

A Small-Scale Event and a Big Impact—Is This Relationship Possible in the World of Sport? The Meaning of Heritage Sporting Events for Sustainable Development of Tourism—Experiences from Poland

A Small-Scale Event and a Big Impact—Is This Relationship Possible in the World of Sport? The Meaning of Heritage Sporting Events for Sustainable Development of Tourism—Experiences from Poland

Avoiding white elephants? The planning and design of London’s 2012 Olympic and Paralympic venues, 2002–2018

Olympic Games Rio 2016: The Legacy for Coaches

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