Hosts of the Parasitic Alga<i>Cephaleuros virescens</i>in Louisiana and New Host Records for the Continental United States

Holcomb, G. E.

doi:10.1094/pd-70-1080

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Most of the hosts are perennial dicots, agreeing with reports from other tropical and subtropical locations (Marlatt and Alfieri 1981, Holcomb 1986, Thompson and Wujek 1997. However, the number of algal species identified in American Samoa, especially the five Cephaleuros spp., was higher than re- (Chapman andGood 1983, Timpano andPearlmutter 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Cephaleuros grows beneath the host's cuticle and is considered an obligate epiphyte and occasional parasite by some (Thompson and Wujek 1997) and a plant pathogen by others (Cunningham 1879, Marlatt and Alfieri 1981, Holcomb 1986, Holcomb et al 1998. Stomatochroon Palm, 1934, lives in the substomatal chambers of its host and was described as an "obligate endophyte (parasite)" by Chapman and Good (1983) and a commensal organism by Timpano and Pearlmutter (1983).…”

Section: Fnd E Erooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cephaleuros is the genus commonly linked to plant damage Rijkenberg 1971, Marlatt andAlfieri 1981 Cephaleuros virescens is the most frequently reported algal pathogen of higher plants worldwide and has the broadest host range (Joubert and Rijkenberg 1971, Marlatt and Alfieri 1981, Chapman and Good 1983, Holcomb 1986, Thompson and Wujek 1997. It usually occurs on the upper leaf surfaces of perennial dicotyledonous plants, but its thalli occasionally are found on lower leaf surfaces and on monocots Rijkenberg 1971, Chapman andGood 1983).…”

Section: Fnd E Erooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On other hosts, however, cell death occurs beneath the algal thallus (Thomas 1913, Joubert and Rijkenberg 1971, Chapman and Good 1983, Holcomb 1986). There may be tissue hyperplasia, with or without the formation of suberin, either below or at the margins of lesions Rijkenberg 1971, Thompson andWujek 1997).…”

Section: Fnd E Erooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There may be tissue hyperplasia, with or without the formation of suberin, either below or at the margins of lesions Rijkenberg 1971, Thompson andWujek 1997). Stem infections have been implicated in twig death and branch dieback (Ruehle 1936, Knoor 1964, Chapman and Good 1983, Holcomb 1986, Holcomb et al 1998) and algal spots on guava, avocado, and citrus fruits may reduce their marketability (Winston 1938, Ruehle 1941, Joubert and Rijkenberg 1971, Chapman and Good 1983. Reports have described Cephaleuros spp.…”

Section: Fnd E Erooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant-Parasitic Algae (Chlorophyta: Trentepohliales) in American Samoa

Brooks¹

2004

Pacific Science

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A survey conducted between June 2000 and May 2002 on the island of Tutuila, American Samoa, recorded filamentous green algae of the order Trentepohliales (CWorophyta) and their plant hosts. Putative pathogenicity of the parasitic genus Cephaleuros and its lichenized state, Strig;ula, was also investigated. Three genera and nine species were identified: Cephaleuros (five spp.), Phycopeltis (two spp.), and Stomatochroon (two spp.). A widely distributed species of Trentepohlia was not classified. These algae occurred on 146 plant species and cultivars in 101 genera and 48 families; 90% of the hosts were dicotyledonous plants. Cephaleuros spp. have aroused worldwide curiosity, confusion, and concern for over a century. Their hyphaelike filaments, sporangiophores, and associated plant damage have led unsuspecting plant pathologists to misidentify them as fungi, and some phycologists question their parasitic ability. Of the five species of Cephaleuros identified, C. virescens was the most prevalent, followed by C. parasiticus. Leaf tissue beneath thalli of Cephaleuros spp. on 124 different hosts was dissected with a scalpel and depth of necrosis evaluated using a fourpoint scale. No injury was observed beneath thalli on 6% of the hosts, but fullthickness necrosis occurred on leaves of 43% of hosts. Tissue damage beneath nonlichenized Cephaleuros thalli was equal to or greater than damage beneath lichenized thalli (Strig;ula elegans). In spite of moderate to severe leaf necrosis caused by Cephaleuros spp., damage was usually confined to older leaves near the base of plants. Unhealthy, crowded, poorly maintained plants tended to have the highest percentage of leaf surface area affected by TrentepoWiales. Parasitic algae currently are not a problem in American Samoa because few crops are affected and premature leaf abscission or stem dieback rarely occur.PREVIOUS REPORTS of plant-parasitic algae in American Samoa were limited to an unidentified species of Cephaleuros Kunze in Fries, 1827, on mango (Mangifera indica L.), guava (Psidium g;uajava L.), and avocado (Persea americana Mill.) (McKenzie 1996). Cephaleuros is a member of the Trentepohliales, a unique order of filamentous green algae I

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%