Hot Forming of Cast Steel Cylinders

Ursinus, Jonathan; Bonhage, Martin; Büdenbender, Christoph; Nürnberger, Florian; Demler, Eugen; Behrens, Bernd‐Arno

doi:10.37904/metal.2019.820

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This leads to the conclusion that the outer regions will possess material properties that should be below those of the one worst tested variant, as the plastic strain is low in these regions and macroscopic pores do persist. In comparison to a previous study concerning the cast-forging of low alloyed steel 42CrMo4 [6], the present results show the same general trends, with forming temperature influencing the UTS and plastic strain being the major factor on impact energy. In comparison, the impact energy of the cast-forged steel 42CrMo4 was higher than the one of the reference for all tested variants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In comparison, the impact energy of the cast-forged steel 42CrMo4 was higher than the one of the reference for all tested variants. These inexplicably high values hint at an effect of anisotropy due to compressed or elongated porosity [6]. In the present study, the existence of said anisotropy could be confirmed, as the C45 specimens showed distinct anisotropy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Simulated temperature (left) and porosity (right) directly after filling After casting and separation from the casting system, the cylinders were heated in a batch furnace to their respective forming temperature and deformed in upsetting experiments. Regarding previous results on cylinders of 42CrMo4 [6], the upsetting stroke was chosen to result in a plastic strain of φ = 0.3; 0.5; 0.7. Upsetting of the C45 cylinder was carried out at formig temperatures of 600 °C (warm forging) and 1200 °C (hot forging), respectively, on a hydraulic press with a fixed punch velocity of 30 mm/s.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, insight into the required forging parameters regarding microstructural evolution and mechanical properties is to be gained using the example of the low-alloyed steel C45 (1.0503). In contrast to previous findings concerning the heat-treatable steel 42CrMo4 (1.7225) [6], lower plastic strain values were chosen and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties after forging was considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porosity in Hot Formed Cast Steel

Behrens

Ursinus

Büdenbender

et al. 2020

METAL 2020 Conference Proeedings

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In order to reduce the number of process steps of steel forging processes. and thus also tool wear and process costs, tailored preform geometries can be produced by casting. By only one subsequent forming operation it is possible to improve the casting microstructure, eliminate possible defects and achieve the required mechanical properties. To evaluate the properties of the cast microstructure and the closure of possible casting defects during warm/hot forming, cylindrical steel billets (C45/1.0503) were produced by sand casting and then upset in a hydraulic press. Global plastic strain φ was varied between 0.3 and 0.7 while forging temperatures of 600 °C and 1200 °C were applied to detect possible temperature effects. Conventional rolled bar material formed under the same conditions was used as a reference. After forming, the specimens were tempered and the mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests (ISO 6892-1) and notch impact tests (similar to ISO 148-1). The microstructures were examined by metallographic analysis while defects were characterised using an optical wide-area 3D measurement system and digital image processing. It could be observed that the ultimate tensile strength of the cast-forged specimens depends on the forming temperature and is about 15 % lower in comparison to the reference material at a forming temperature of 600 °C and 5 % lower at 1200 °C, respectively. The impact energies show a strong dependence on plastic strain for both, the castforged and reference specimens. The values of the mechanical properties of the reference specimens were higher than those of the cast-forged specimens. These results allow a deeper understanding of the cast-forging of steel and will contribute to the cast-forging design of more complex steel parts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porosity in Hot Formed Cast Steel

Behrens

Ursinus

Büdenbender

et al. 2020

METAL 2020 Conference Proeedings

Self Cite

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“…The forging technology allows for the final forming of the forgings and the improvement of its strength parameters. In specialist literature the descriptions of such production can be found, for example, of flanges [15], suspension arms [16] or pistons [17] with the use of various types of material, such as magnesium alloys AZ70 [18] or steel [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of the New Forming Process of the Aircraft Bracket Forging Made of AZ91 Alloy at Different Rates of Deformation

Dziubińska

Surdacki

2022

Teh. vjesn.

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The article presents the results of numerical simulations of the new forging process of the aircraft bracket forging at different deformation rates related to the type of machine used: a hydraulic press, a screw press and a drop forging hammer. The billet of shaped preforms from AZ91 alloy with two different geometries was used for the process. It was assumed that forging a bracket from an unformed, shaped preform will have a positive effect on the kinematics of the flow and on the deformation capability of AZ91 magnesium alloy, and will reduce the number of operations necessary to obtain the correct item. The numerical analysis of the new process was carried out with FEM, using the software Deform 3D. Based on the simulation, the important information about the process was obtained, that is the distribution of stress, deformation, temperatures, cracking and force parameters. The obtained results of numerical tests confirmed the possibility of producing the correct aircraft brackets forgings from AZ91 magnesium alloys with the proposed technology.

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