Hot-pressed Fe2+:ZnSe transparent ceramics with different doping concentrations

A Review of Cr2+ or Fe2+ Ion-Doped Zinc Sulfide and Zinc Selenide Ceramics as IR Laser Active Media

“…The powders are intended for use as electroluminescent phosphors; no data are given on the fabrication of optical ceramics from them. In [105], CVD powders were used to fabricate Fe 2+ :ZnSe ceramics, but their morphology was not controlled by the deposition conditions, but by subsequent grinding. A transmission of 67% (≈96% of theoretical) was achieved only in the long wavelength range at 14 µm.…”

“…Second, the presence of impurities can increase the non-radiative transition probabilities, reducing the luminescence quantum yield, rais ing the lasing threshold, or making it impossible to achieve population inversion at all Therefore, laser ceramics should have both high structural perfection and chemical purity preferably 99.99% or better; in particular, limited impurities that have electronic transi tions in the laser wavelength range should be at the ppm level or less. To create a laser material, ZnSe or ZnS particles are doped with iron or chromium The introduction of these metals is possible by solid phase diffusion into prepared zinc chalcogenide powders [80,101,105,110] as well as during synthesis [79,80,88,89,111,112] In [57], a powder for subsequent consolidation was obtained by mechanical grinding in an agate mortar of pure ZnSe with a ZnSe-CrSe mixture of different concentrations (0.01 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 mol%). The particle size did not exceed 10 µm.…”

“…Despite a fivefold increase in pressing pressure compared to the technique of [57], pores and inclusions were found in the Cr 2+ :ZnSe ceramics; the quality of the material did not allow laser generation To create a laser material, ZnSe or ZnS particles are doped with iron or chromium. The introduction of these metals is possible by solid phase diffusion into prepared zinc chalcogenide powders [80,101,105,110] as well as during synthesis [79,80,88,89,111,112]. In [57], a powder for subsequent consolidation was obtained by mechanical grinding in an agate mortar of pure ZnSe with a ZnSe-CrSe mixture of different concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 mol%).…”