“…The corporationalization of modern competitive universities requires them to adopt marketing theories and concepts as used effectively in the business enterprise world, for the sake of increasing overall university performance and gaining a competitive advantage (Hemsley-Brown & Oplatka, 2006;Ng, 2016). MO has been reported to be highly effective means for universities to develop the student-university relationship (Clark, Fine, & Scheuer, 2017;Flavián & Lozano, 2006;Schuck, Gordon, & Buchanan, 2008) due to the higher ability of university to fulfill (customers') students' needs including first the students' skills to enter effectively into job market and second the necessary insights, perceptions, motivations, philosophies, and other mental capabilities which might be useful throughout their career (Walkenhorst, 2008).…”