House dust and inorganic urinary arsenic in two Arizona mining towns

Hysong, Tracy A.; Burgess, Jefferey L.; García, Maribel Aragón; O'Rourke, Mary Kay

doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500272

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Arsenic trioxide (ATO, As 2 O 3 ) is an important environmental dust that is a common contaminant around copper smelters (Milham and Strong, 1974, Hysong et al, 2003). Children living near copper smelters in Arizona were found to have elevated concentrations of arsenic in their urine, with an analysis of house dust containing ATO measured in excess of 300 μg/g (Morse, et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity and biodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure

Burchiel

Mitchell

Lauer

et al. 2009

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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In these studies the immunotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO, As2O3) was evaluated in mice following 14 days of inhalation exposures (nose only, 3 hrs per day) at concentrations of 50 μg/m3 and 1 mg/m3. A biodistribution analysis performed immediately after inhalation exposures revealed highest levels of arsenic in the kidneys, bladder, liver, and lung. Spleen cell levels were comparable to those found in the blood, with the highest concentration of arsenic detected in the spleen being 150 μg/mg tissue following the 1 mg/m3 exposures. No spleen cell cytotoxicity was observed at either of the two exposure levels. There were no changes in spleen cell surface marker expression for B cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. There were also no changes detected in the B cell (LPS-stimulated) and T cell (Con A-stimulated) proliferative responses of spleen cells, and no changes were found in the NK-mediated lysis of Yac-1 target cells. The primary T-dependent antibody response was, however, found to be highly susceptible to ATO suppression. Both the 50 μg/m3 and 1 mg/m3 exposures produced greater than 70% suppression of the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells. Thus, the primary finding of this study is that the T-dependent humoral immune response is extremely sensitive to suppression by ATO and assessment of humoral immune responses should be considered in evaluating the health effects of arsenic containing agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity and biodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure

Burchiel

Mitchell

Lauer

et al. 2009

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…Another study in the Arizona towns of Hayden and Winkelman, which are near an active copper smelter, did not find a significant relationship between house dust and inorganic arsenic in urine (Hysong et al, 2003). This study, however, was done primarily in adults, and it is possible that children in areas with higher soil and dust arsenic levels would also have higher inorganic-related arsenic exposures, as the Polissar study found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimedia exposures to arsenic and lead for children near an inactive mine tailings and smelter site

Loh

Sugeng

Lothrop

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Children living near contaminated mining waste areas may have high exposures to metals from the environment. This study investigates whether exposure to arsenic and lead is higher in children in a community near a legacy mine and smelter site in Arizona compared to children in other parts of the United States and the relationship of that exposure to the site. Arsenic and lead were measured in residential soil, house dust, tap water, urine, and toenail samples from 70 children in 34 households up to 7 miles from the site. Soil and house dust were sieved, digested, and analyzed via ICP-MS. Tap water and urine were analyzed without digestion, while toenails were washed, digested and analyzed. Blood lead was analyzed by an independent, certified laboratory. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between each environmental media and urine and toenails for arsenic and lead. Geometric mean arsenic (standard deviation) concentrations for each matrix were: 22.1 (2.59) ppm and 12.4 (2.27) ppm for soil and house dust (<63 μm), 5.71 (6.55) ppb for tap water, 14.0 (2.01) μg/L for specific gravity-corrected total urinary arsenic, 0.543 (3.22) ppm for toenails. Soil and vacuumed dust lead concentrations were 16.9 (2.03) ppm and 21.6 (1.90) ppm. The majority of blood lead levels were below the limit of quantification. Arsenic and lead concentrations in soil and house dust decreased with distance from the site. Concentrations in soil, house dust, tap water, along with floor dust loading were significantly associated with toenail and urinary arsenic but not lead. Mixed models showed that soil and tap water best predicted urinary arsenic. In our study, despite being present in mine tailings at similar levels, internal lead exposure was not high, but arsenic exposure was of concern, particularly from soil and tap water. Naturally occurring sources may be an additional important contributor to exposures in certain legacy mining areas.

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“…These types of analyses, such as using soil sample concentrations to predict exposure and estimate health risks, are useful for risk assessment at specific sites ( Gress et al 2014 ). Also, some aggregate exposure modeling studies have used a multi-media, multi-pathway exposure assessment and identified house dust as an important source of exposure in mining communities ( Hysong et al 2003 ; O’Rourke et al 1999 ).To develop a stronger foundation of data for future modeling studies, workshop participant indicated that duplicate diet studies, more sampling of food and other media, and more speciation data in all exposure media are needed to develop a stronger foundation of data for future modeling studies.…”

Section: Exposure Assessments and Aggregate Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and Environmental Health: State of the Science and Future Research Opportunities

Carlin

Naujokas²,

Bradham

et al. 2016

Environ Health Perspect

262

137

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Background:Exposure to inorganic and organic arsenic compounds is a major public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Exposure to arsenic is associated with cancer and noncancer effects in nearly every organ in the body, and evidence is mounting for health effects at lower levels of arsenic exposure than previously thought. Building from a tremendous knowledge base with > 1,000 scientific papers published annually with “arsenic” in the title, the question becomes, what questions would best drive future research directions?Objectives:The objective is to discuss emerging issues in arsenic research and identify data gaps across disciplines.Methods:The National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program convened a workshop to identify emerging issues and research needs to address the multi-faceted challenges related to arsenic and environmental health. This review summarizes information captured during the workshop.Discussion:More information about aggregate exposure to arsenic is needed, including the amount and forms of arsenic found in foods. New strategies for mitigating arsenic exposures and related health effects range from engineered filtering systems to phytogenetics and nutritional interventions. Furthermore, integration of omics data with mechanistic and epidemiological data is a key step toward the goal of linking biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility to disease mechanisms and outcomes.Conclusions:Promising research strategies and technologies for arsenic exposure and adverse health effect mitigation are being pursued, and future research is moving toward deeper collaborations and integration of information across disciplines to address data gaps.Citation:Carlin DJ, Naujokas MF, Bradham KD, Cowden J, Heacock M, Henry HF, Lee JS, Thomas DJ, Thompson C, Tokar EJ, Waalkes MP, Birnbaum LS, Suk WA. 2016. Arsenic and environmental health: state of the science and future research opportunities. Environ Health Perspect 124:890–899; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510209

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House dust and inorganic urinary arsenic in two Arizona mining towns

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Immunotoxicity and biodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure

Immunotoxicity and biodistribution analysis of arsenic trioxide in C57Bl/6 mice following a 2-week inhalation exposure

Multimedia exposures to arsenic and lead for children near an inactive mine tailings and smelter site

Arsenic and Environmental Health: State of the Science and Future Research Opportunities

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