House Dust Mite Allergy and the Der p1 Conundrum: A Literature Review and Case Series

d’Alessandro, Miriana; Bergantini, Laura; Perrone, Anna; Cameli, Paolo; Beltrami, Valerio; Alderighi, Lorenzo; Pini, Laura; Bargagli, Elena; Saletti, Marco

doi:10.3390/allergies1020008

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Sensitisation to P. pratense or dog and cat epithelia was significantly associated with the presence of asthma in addition to rhinitis. Significantly higher concentrations of sIgE to Der p 1, Can f 1 and Can f 6 were also linked to asthma, which is in line with the findings of other studies 93–95 . Most of these patients were polysensitised to both other allergenic sources and several molecular components from the same allergenic source, confirming previous results in individuals with asthma and rhinitis comorbidity 92,96–98 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Significantly higher concentrations of sIgE to Der p 1, Can f 1 and Can f 6 were also linked to asthma, which is in line with the findings of other studies. [93][94][95] Most of these patients were polysensitised to both other allergenic sources and several molecular components from the same allergenic source, confirming previous results in individuals with asthma and rhinitis comorbidity. 92,[96][97][98] Moderate symptoms of allergies were significantly associated with sensitisation to B. verrucosa in patients with rhinitis alone, whereas severe rhinitis was significantly associated with sensitisation to P. pratense, dog epithelium and D. pteronyssinus.…”

Section: Examining Population-based Cohorts Of Children and Adolescen...supporting

confidence: 87%

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Polysensitisation is associated with more severe symptoms: The reality of patients with allergy

Cacheiro‐Llaguno,

Mösges,

Calzada

et al. 2024

Clin Experimental Allergy

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BackgroundStudying the sensitisation profiles of patients with allergies allows for a deeper understanding of the disease which may facilitate the selection of the best‐personalised allergen immunotherapy. This observational, cross‐sectional, multicentre study aimed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the German population with allergies by analysing specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) patterns towards aeroallergens and exploring the relationship between sensitisation and clinical symptoms.MethodsIn total, 500 patients with allergies from different regions of Germany were recruited based on their case histories, clinical allergic symptoms and skin prick test data for aeroallergens. Serum samples were analysed using ImmunoCAP assays to determine sIgE levels for 33 allergenic sources and 43 molecular allergens.ResultsMost patients (81%) were polysensitised. Betula verrucosa pollen was the most common cause of sensitisation (59%), followed by Phleum pratense (58%) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (44%). The highest prevalence rates of molecular allergens were observed for Bet v 1 (84%) from birch pollen, Phl p 1 from grass pollen (82%), Der p 2 (69%) from mites and Fel d 1 (69%) from cat. Polysensitisation was significantly associated with the presence of asthma and the severity of rhinitis symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings show a high rate of polysensitisation and emphasise the importance of molecular diagnosis for more precise and comprehensive insights into sensitisation patterns and their association with clinical symptoms. These data may help improve personalised diagnosis and immunotherapy adapted to the needs of individual patients in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Examining Population-based Cohorts Of Children and Adolescen...supporting

confidence: 87%

Polysensitisation is associated with more severe symptoms: The reality of patients with allergy

Cacheiro‐Llaguno,

Mösges,

Calzada

et al. 2024

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…Several reasons have been proposed in relation to the worldwide increase in PAR caused by house dust mites. The exacerbation factors include global warming as well as the increased time spent indoors with air conditioning inside higher and more airtight residences [17,18]. In the present study's PAR patients, a significant decrease occurred in the positive rates and the mean CAP scores for house dust in the 20-39-year-olds after the outbreak of COVID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Impact of Preventive Measures on Subjective Symptoms and Antigen Sensitization against Japanese Cedar, Cypress Pollen and House Dust Mites in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Retrospective Analysis in the COVID-19 Era

et al. 2022

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For >2 years, Japan’s government has been urging the populace to take countermeasures to prevent COVID-19, including mask wearing. We examined whether these preventive behaviors have affected the rate and degree of sensitization against pollen and house dust antigens in patients with allergic rhinitis. We retrospectively surveyed 2565 patients who had undergone allergy blood testing during the period 2015–2021. We subdivided this period into eras based on the COVID-19 pandemic: the pre-COVID (2015–2019, n = 1879) and COVID (2020–2021, n = 686) eras. The positive rates for Japanese cedar and cypress in the 40–59-year-olds and those for house dust in the 20–39-year-olds were significantly reduced in the COVID era versus those in the pre-COVID era. Each group’s mean antigen-specific CAP scores decreased significantly from the 1st to 2nd era: from 1.98 to 1.57 for cedar (p < 0.01), 1.42 to 0.95 for cypress (p < 0.05), and 2.86 to 2.07 for house dust (p < 0.01). Our survey of the patients’ clinical records indicates that 47.5% of the pollinosis patients reported improvement in nasal symptoms after the three seasons of pollen dispersion in the COVID era. Japan’s quarantine policies designed to combat the spread of COVID-19 thus coincide with pivotal measures to alleviate allergic reactions.

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“…Cysteine proteases are known to be associated with the Der p 1 allergen, the primary allergen of HDM. It is the most potent allergen that increases the amount of Ig E [ 37 ]. As a result of the increased activity of AAT inhibition, the increased activity of cystatin C inhibition may also be considered an effort to counter the cysteine protease enzyme contained in the allergen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities and concentration of alpha-1 antitrypsin and cystatin C in serum from patients with house dust mite asthma

Hidayati,

Iswanti,

Djauzi

et al. 2023

Asia Pacific Allergy

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Background: The proteolytic activities of house dust mite (HDM) allergens are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma by cleaving T-junction protein complexes, increasing the permeability of airway epithelial cells, and enabling the allergens to reach the interstitial tissue. The human body contains natural protease inhibitors such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) with antiserine protease activity and cystatin C with anticysteine protease activity. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the behavior of serum AAT and cystatin C levels in patients with HDM-allergic asthma. Methods: Ten individuals with HDM-allergic asthma and 10 healthy volunteers participated in a cross-sectional study. The serum AAT and cystatin C inhibitory activities were measured using enzymatic assays. ELISA was used to determine the serum AAT and cystatin C concentrations. Results: Serum AAT inhibitory activity (P = 0.445; P > 0.05), AAT concentration (P = 0.290; P > 0.05), and cystatin C concentration (P = 0.419; P > 0.05) did not significantly differ between the patient and control groups. However, serum cystatin C inhibitory activity in the asthmatic patient group was significantly higher than in the healthy subjects (P = 0.001; P < 0.05). There was no correlation between AAT inhibitory activity and AAT concentration or between cystatin C inhibitory activity and cystatin C concentration. Conclusion: These findings suggest that serum cystatin C activity is involved in asthma pathogenesis. Additional research is required to address this issue.

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House Dust Mite Allergy and the Der p1 Conundrum: A Literature Review and Case Series

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Polysensitisation is associated with more severe symptoms: The reality of patients with allergy

Polysensitisation is associated with more severe symptoms: The reality of patients with allergy

Impact of Preventive Measures on Subjective Symptoms and Antigen Sensitization against Japanese Cedar, Cypress Pollen and House Dust Mites in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Retrospective Analysis in the COVID-19 Era

Activities and concentration of alpha-1 antitrypsin and cystatin C in serum from patients with house dust mite asthma

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