Household air pollution and personal exposure from burning firewood and yak dung in summer in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Ye, Wenlu; Saikawa, Eri; Avramov, Alexander; Cho, Seung-Hyun; Chartier, Ryan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114531

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the personal PM 2.5 exposure levels under the different levels of various influencing factors, which depicts that the exposure levels significantly differed among different levels of population size and cooking fuel and heating fuel types (all these p < 0.05). Previous studies also found that fuel type contributed significantly to personal exposure 9,41 . With the increase of population size of the rural households, the PM 2.5 exposure concentration significantly increased ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Previous studies also found that fuel type contributed significantly to personal exposure. 9,41 With the increase of population size of the rural households, the PM 2.5 exposure concentration significantly increased (p < 0.05). It is easy to understand this result since when more people stay at home, more solid fuels would be consumed and emit more air pollutants.…”

Section: Impacts Of Various Factors On Personal Pm 25 Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Indoor Air

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Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from residential combustion considerably affects human health in rural China. Large-scale population migration and rural lifestyle changes during the Spring Festival are supposed to change the household air pollution and health risks; however, limited field study has determined its impacts on HAP and short-term health outcomes.Methods: A field study was conducted in rural areas of Southern China before and during the Spring Festival to explore the associations between HAP and blood pressure considering different factors such as cooking fuel, heating fuel, and smoking.Stationary real-time PM 2.5 monitors were used to measure PM 2.5 concentrations of the kitchen, living room, and yard of 156 randomly selected households. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 was calculated based on the results of stationary samplers and corresponding time local residents spent in different microenvironments, and one adult resident was recruited of each family for the blood pressure measurement.Results: Both personal exposure to PM 2.5 and blood pressures of local residents increased during Spring Festival compared to the days before the holiday. Based on generalized linear model coupled with dominance analysis approach, it was found that personal PM 2.5 exposure was positively associated with the factors of population size and the types of cooking and heating fuels with the relative contributions of approximately 82%, and systolic blood pressure (SBP, 100-120 mmHg as normal range for adults) was positively and significantly associated with personal PM 2.5 exposures with the relative contribution of 11%. Conclusion:The findings in this study demonstrated that Spring Festival can give rise to increase of HAP and hypertension risks, also related to tremendous solid fuel use, suggesting further policy making on promoting cleaner energy in rural areas and more attention on large population migration during national holidays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Impacts Of Various Factors On Personal Pm 25 Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Indoor Air

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“…The pollution caused by using yak dung as a cooking energy in the Tibetan region in the summer is very high. Relevant studies have shown that poorly ventilated housing and frequent summer rains in Tibetan areas lead to high moisture content in yak dung, resulting in low combustion efficiency [66], which can cause an increase in PAHs and endanger human health [67]. The temporal distribution of PAHs in this study showed a "U"-shaped distribution (Figure 3a); i.e., the heating period was significantly higher than that in the non-heating period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Investigation of Indoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rural Northeast China: Pollution Characteristics, Source Analysis, and Health Assessment

Bai

2022

Buildings

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Due to the low winter temperatures in rural areas of Northeast China, biomass fuels are widely used for heating and cooking, resulting in increased concentrations of PAHs in rural indoor areas during the heating period and threatening human health. Therefore, exploring the pollution characteristics, source localization, and risk assessment of indoor PAHs in rural Northeast China is of great significance for improving rural indoor air quality. In this study, PAHs were collected from a residential building in rural Northeast China for one consecutive year (January 2020–December 2020), and their concentrations were determined to explore the distribution patterns and sources of PAHs to further assess the carcinogenic risk of PAHs to humans. The results of the study showed that the average concentration of indoor PAHs in rural areas during the heating period (93.02 ng/m3) was about 1.81 times higher than that of the non-heating period (51.26 ng/m3). The main sources of PAHs were mixed combustion of biomass and coal, motor vehicle emissions, and domestic waste combustion. The level of indoor PAHs pollution has posed a carcinogenic risk to the health of the rural population in the Northeast.

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“… 12 By comparison, exposures to elements associated with coal combustion 54 in our northern study sites (Beijing: 7.9 ng/m 3 As and 96 ng/m 3 Pb; Shanxi: 10.3 ng/m 3 As and 113 ng/m 3 Pb) were much higher than those reported by Ye et al (As was not detected in most exposures, <5 ng/m 3 Pb at both agricultural and nomadic villages), consistent with no documented coal use at their study site. 12 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10−29 These studies showed high within-subject variability in exposures and relatively small differences between clean fuel and solid fuel users, which could be driven by diverse factors including outdoor air pollution, unidentified sources, variability in emissions based on fuel characteristics or stove performance, and solid fuel use in nearby homes. 2,9 Chemical analysis of PM 2.5 samples could provide information about the relative impacts of these factors on exposure reductions or lack thereof; however, only a small handful of these studies included chemical analysis [10][11][12][21][22][23][24]30 and even fewer measured source-specific tracers (e.g., levoglucosan). 10,23,24,30 Using data from the INTERMAP China Prospective (ICP) study, a geographically diverse cohort of men and women with different fuel use patterns and outdoor source contributors, we investigated outdoor and personal exposures to PM 2.5 , its chemical components, and source contributions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PM_2.5 Exposures

Lai

Lee

Carter

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In communities with household solid fuel use, transitioning to clean stoves/fuels often results in only moderate reductions in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposures; the chemical composition of those exposures may help explain why. We collected personal exposure (men and women) and outdoor PM 2.5 samples in villages in three Chinese provinces (Shanxi, Beijing, and Guangxi) and measured chemical components, including water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), ions, elements, and organic tracers. Source contributions from chemical mass balance modeling (biomass burning, coal combustion, vehicles, dust, and secondary inorganic aerosol) were similar between outdoor and personal PM 2.5 samples. Principal component analysis of organic and inorganic components identified analogous sources, including a regional ambient source. Chemical components of PM 2.5 exposures did not differ significantly by gender. Participants using coal had higher personal/outdoor (P/O) ratios of coal combustion tracers (picene, sulfate, As, and Pb) than those not using coal, but no such trend was observed for biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan, K + , WSOC). Picene and most levoglucosan P/O ratios exceeded 1 even among participants not using coal and biomass, respectively, indicating substantial indirect exposure to solid fuel emissions from other homes. Contributions of community-level emissions to exposures suggest that meaningful exposure reductions will likely require extensive fuel use changes within communities.

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Household air pollution and personal exposure from burning firewood and yak dung in summer in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Investigation of Indoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rural Northeast China: Pollution Characteristics, Source Analysis, and Health Assessment

Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PM_2.5 Exposures

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Household air pollution and personal exposure from burning firewood and yak dung in summer in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM 2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM 2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Investigation of Indoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rural Northeast China: Pollution Characteristics, Source Analysis, and Health Assessment

Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PM2.5 Exposures

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Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PM_2.5 Exposures