Household and Context Determinants of Child Labor in 221 Districts of 18 Developing Countries

Webbink, Ellen; Smits, Jeroen; Jong, Eelke de

doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9960-0

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Water scarcity affects this role in a significant way. Women and young girls primarily have the task of fetching water in developing countries [19]. In Africa, 90% of the wood gathering and water collection is done by women [20].…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Water Access in Rural Areas of Low and Middle Income Countries

Gómez¹,

Perdiguero

Sanz

2019

Water

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Worldwide, 844 million people still lack access to basic drinking water, especially in the rural areas of low and middle income countries. However, considerable progress has been made in recent years due to work on the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. Nevertheless, countries’ national characteristics have often impacted on this progress. This paper analyzes whether specific socioeconomic factors affect access to improved water sources in the rural areas of developing countries. In particular, we analyze access to ‘total improved’, piped on premises, as well as other improved sources of access in rural areas for low income, low-middle income, and high-middle income countries. Our results suggest that gross national income (GNI); female primary completion rate; agriculture; growth of rural population; and governance indicators, such as political stability, control of corruption, or regulatory quality are variables related to water access, although specific associations depend on the source of water and income group examined. Understanding these interrelations could be of great importance for decision makers in the water sector as well as for future research on this topic.

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Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Water Access in Rural Areas of Low and Middle Income Countries

Gómez¹,

Perdiguero

Sanz

2019

Water

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“…These causes of initiation and continuation of child labor are related to economic factors, as well as to social and cultural factors. Regarding the causes of child labor, Webbink, Smits, and de Jong (2011) propose a comprehensive model of different levels. For these authors, the causes of child labor can be (a) the resources related to family income, the job or the education of the parents, (b) the structural characteristics, such as the number of brothers or family members, the availability of educational resources, and the level of urbanization, and (c) the culture as it relates to the existing values and norms associated with child labor.…”

Section: Main Causes Of Child Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of child labor on academic performance: Evidence from the program “Edúcame Primero Colombia”

Ramos

Jariego

Ramos

et al. 2014

International Journal of Educational Development

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In this study, the effects of different variables of child labor on academic performance are investigated. To this end, 3,302 children participating in the child labor eradication program "Edúcame Primero Colombia" were interviewed. The interview format used for the children's enrollment into the program was a template from which socioeconomic conditions, academic performance, and child labor variables were evaluated. The academic performance factor was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data were analyzed through a logistic regression model that took into account children who engaged in a type of labor (n=921). The results showed that labor conditions, the number of weekly hours dedicated to work, and the presence of work scheduled in the morning negatively affected the academic performance of child laborers. These results show that the relationship between child labor and academic performance is based on the conflict between these two activities. These results do not indicate a linear and simple relationship associated with the recognition of the presence or absence of child labor. This study has implications for the formulation of policies, programs, and interventions for preventing, eradicating, and attenuating the negative effects of child labor on the social and educational development of children.

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“…Children with more siblings might be less engaged in household chores. In other words, more siblings might also mean more helping hands, which allows for a division of tasks at home (Webbink, Smits, & de Jong, 2013). The marginal effect of household non-food expenditure is -0.0178, which means that each additional 1 per cent increase in non-food expenditure reduces the probability of engaging in household chores by 0.02 percentage points.…”

Section: Estimates Of Marginal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, there is no significant effect for children participating in economic activities in rural areas. It shows that participation of children in economic 5 Previous studies show that in most developing countries girls are more likely than boys to do chores with the perception that it will teach them special skills and prepare them for adult life (Webbink et al, 2013;Zapata et al, 2011). activities responds less to the programme in rural than in urban areas.…”

Section: Robustness Checks Based On Gender and Residencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of The Cash Transfer Programme for Poor Students on Child�s Work Participation: Evidence from Java (Indonesia)

Hidayatina

2018

J. Indones. Soc. Sci. and Humanit.

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Cash transfer is considered as a relatively safe policy instrument to improve child welfare. Over the past ten years, Indonesia has made major progress in reducing the number of children involved in child work. It has done so primarily by expanding education provision to increase the time children spend in school and reduce the time children allocate to work. This progress has been supported by the implementation of poverty alleviation programmes that provided income assistance to vulnerable families. This paper aims to analyse whether cash transfer subsidies provided by the Government of Indonesia were sufficient for children to decrease the probability of working and reduce the hours of working activities of children within households. This paper includes a detailed exploration of differences in impacts by childrens gender and areas of residence. This paper uses cross sectional data to analyse the effects of the programme on childs work. The data covers children aged from six to 14 from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2014. The data is non-experimental and programme participation is not randomly assigned. The bivariate Probit with endogenous dummy models are also estimated for the probability that a child is working, controlling for additional characteristics of the child, head of household, household and community-level characteristics. The results of this paper are particularly relevant for understanding the role of cash transfer programmes in developing countries. The findings of this paper suggest that the Government of Indonesia needs to reach the poorest children who are out of school.

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Household and Context Determinants of Child Labor in 221 Districts of 18 Developing Countries

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Water Access in Rural Areas of Low and Middle Income Countries

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Water Access in Rural Areas of Low and Middle Income Countries

Impact of child labor on academic performance: Evidence from the program “Edúcame Primero Colombia”

The Effects of The Cash Transfer Programme for Poor Students on Child�s Work Participation: Evidence from Java (Indonesia)

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