Household and Industrial Use

Flett, Lawrence H.

doi:10.1021/ie50537a041

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Conducting suspension electrodes have a long history and have been studied in an array of electrochemical technologies 29,30 related to wastewater treatment, 31,32 electrodeposition, 33 electrolysis, 34 electrowinning of metals, 35,36 and as a means for organic chemical synthesis. 37 The utilization of conducting suspension (fluidized-bed) electrodes for charge storage was studied for the first time in 1985, when Kastening et al demonstrated charge transport (and storage) in porous graphite and activated carbon-based suspensions in sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide electrolytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

2015

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Suspension or semi-solid electrodes have recently gained increased attention for large-scale applications such as grid energy storage, capacitive water deionization, and wastewater treatment. A suspension electrode is a multiphase material system comprised of an active (charge storing) material suspended in ionic solution (electrolyte). Gravimetrically, the electrolyte is the majority component and aids in physical transport of the active material. This principle enables, for the first time, scalability of electrochemical energy storage devices (supercapacitors and batteries) previously limited to small and medium scale applications. This critical review describes the ongoing material challenges encompassing suspension-based systems. The research described here combines classical aspects of electrochemistry, colloidal science, material science, fluid mechanics, and rheology to describe ion and charge percolation, adsorption of ions, and redox charge storage processes in suspension electrodes. This review summarizes the growing inventory of material systems, methods and practices used to characterize suspension electrodes, and describes universal material system properties (rheological, electrical, and electrochemical) that are pivotal in the design of high performing systems. A discussion of the primary challenges and future research directions is included.

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confidence: 99%

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

2015

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“…Since that time, many SIR systems have been described in the literature [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The main properties of these materials were reviewed by Flett [25], Warshawsky [26] and recently by Cortina and Warshawsky [27]. [28,29] underline the importance of this information for better understanding of impregnation and mass-transfer mechanisms in SIR.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most of the work has been performed with Downloaded by [University of Saskatchewan Library] at 11: 45 13 June 2016 commercially available compounds such as di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, tributyl-phosphate, tertiary amines such as Alamine 366 and hydroxyoximes such as LIX-64N and LIX-65N [25][26][27]. Other extractants such as carboxylic acids, phenols have found less extensive use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface Impregnated Sulfonate Ion Exchangers: Preparation, Properties and Application

Muraviev

1998

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

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This paper reviews the results obtained by studying Surface Impregnated Sulfonate Ion Exchangers (SISIE) obtained by modification of macroporous or gel polysterene-divinylbenzene polymers with toluene solutions of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acids. Capacities of SISIE of the first type are directly proportional to the concentration of the modifying solution and to the specific surface area of the matrix. Capacities of gel SISIE are much less than those of macroporous samples and depend on the crosslinking of the matrix.Stabilization of SISIE capacity and improvement of their kinetic properties can be achieved using "wet drying " technique. Successive impregnation of the same SISIE sample may be used to increase the capacity of the resin. The ionexchange properties of SISIE are mainly determined by their micellar structure which also defines the areas of possible applications of these ion-exchange materials such as, e.g. ion chromatography and some others Several models have been successfully applied to describe the features of ion exchange processes on SISIE. Application of SISIE as convenient model systems to study aminecarboxylate interaction of amino acid molecules is illustrated by suspension effects measured in SISIE-zwitterlyte and SISIE-HCI suspensions and by the results obtained by the laser-acoustic study of these systems. ') Present address:

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“…[7] a reference potential is selected while Eq. [5] or [6] sets the electrode potential or current density at the current feeder to its given value. When equations of type [3] are substituted into Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since their discovery approximately twelve years ago (1), fluidized bed electrodes have been considered for a variety of applications including electrochemical synthesis of organic chemicals (2) as fuel cell components (3) and for the electrodeposition of metals from aqueous solutions (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The interest in metal electrodeposition arises from possible use of the fluidized bed electrodes to purify metal-containing waste streams and as alternatives to conventional electrowinning cells in the commercial production of copper, nickel, cobalt, and other metals.…”

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Electrodeposition of Metals in Fluidized Bed Electrodes: Part I . Mathematical Model

Sabacky

1979

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A mathematical model is presented to describe the behavior of fluidized bed cathodes when employed in the electrodeposition of metals from solution. Principal results are the effect of electrode and electrolyte resistivity on cell voltage, power consumption, operability, and bed effectiveness. The model applies to a multicomponent electrolyte and allows for the presence of oxid izin.g agents in the electrolyte. Computed results also include current efficleneles.* Electrochemical Society Active Member. 1 Present address: AMAX, Incorporated, Golden, Colorado 80401. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.89.24.43 Downloaded on 2014-10-12 to IP VoI. 126, No. 7 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.89.24.43ABSTRACT A laboratory scale cell equipped with a fluidized cathode was employed to electrodeposit copper from aciQified copper sulfate solution. Copper concentrations in the electrolyte were in the 0-20 g/liter range while the electrolyte was acidified with approximately i00 g/nter of sulfuric acid. Superficial current densities were in the range 200-600 A/ft 2. Current efficiency power consumption per pound of copper deposited and operability were determined as a function of copper concentration, particle size, bed expansion, superficial current density, and acid concentration. The results were compared with the predictions of mathematical models.

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Household and Industrial Use

Cited by 3 publications

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Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

Surface Impregnated Sulfonate Ion Exchangers: Preparation, Properties and Application

Electrodeposition of Metals in Fluidized Bed Electrodes: Part I . Mathematical Model

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