Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48- and NDM-1-producing enterobacteria, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans

Abstract

BackgroundThis study was designed to investigate whether household cockroaches harbor cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria that share resistance determinants with human inhabitants. From February through July 2016, whole cockroach homogenates and human fecal samples from 100 households were cultured for cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (CRe). The CRe were examined for plasmid-mediated AmpC, ESBL, and carbapenemase genes; antibiotic susceptibility patterns; and conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal associations between CRe were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsTwenty CRe were recovered from whole cockroach homogenates from 15 households. The prevalence of households with cockroaches that harbored CRe, AmpC- (based on phenotype, with no identifiable blaAmpC genes), ESBL-, and carbapenemase-producers were 15, 4, 5%(2 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1; 1 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4; 1 blaTEM-24; 1 blaSHV-4) and 3%(2 blaNDM-1 genes and 1 blaOXA-48 gene), respectively. Overall, 20 CRe were recovered from 61 fecal samples of inhabitants from all 15 households that had cockroach samples positive for CRe. Of these, 5CRe (1 per household) were positive for ESBLs (blaTEM-24, blaTEM-14, blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4, blaSHV-3, blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1) and none carried AmpCs or carbapenemases. From 4% of households, the pair of cockroach and human CRe shared the same sequence type (ST), clonal complex (CC), antibiogram, and conjugable bla gene sequence (house 34, E. coli ST9/CC20-blaTEM-4; house 37, E. coli ST44/CC10-blaCTX-15/TEM-4; house 41, E. coli ST443/CC205-blaCTX-15/TEM-1; house 49, K. pneumoniae ST231/CC131-blaSHV-13).ConclusionThe findings provide evidence that household cockroaches may carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48- and NDM-1-producers, and share clonal relationship and beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans.

Clonal Clusters, Molecular Resistance Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Chronic Wounds in Ghana

“…The gene bla CTX-M-15 was identified as the determinant of the detected extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) expression in ESBL positive Enterobacterales [ 23 ]. This is in line with previous reports from both human and livestock-associated ESBL positive Enterobacterales in Ghana [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae , bla SCO-1 , which has initially been described from an Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from Argentina [ 35 ], was observed.…”

Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and/or Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales Associated with Canine and Feline Urogenital Infections

“…In our study, one AmpC/ESBL E. coli C-O9:H9-ST1287-CH11-54 (TEM, CMY) was detected in a vaginal swab of a dog. Fluoroquinolone resistant, non-AmpC, non-ESBL E. coli ST1287 categorized as APEC has been reported in a parrot pet from Brazil [49] and in a blood sample from a patient with septicemia as well as in the feces of a healthy individual [21,50]. This ST seems to be rare and, to our knowledge, AmpC/ESBL/FQR E. coli ST1287 has been isolated from a dog for the first time.…”

“…All recommendations discourage veterinarians from using fluoroquinolones or 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as first-line antibiotics except if there is a clear indication. The increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones and β-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacterales with the dominance of CMY-and CTX-M-group harboring strains [2,[20][21][22][23][24] but also to so-called "traditional" antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracyclines, somehow renders the recommendations given, limits therapeutic choices and urges clinicians to seek for broader spectrum agents for the treatment of UGIs. In the European Union, including Austria, especially at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, veterinarians are advised to follow strict guidelines for the use of antibiotics.…”

Rapid screening and characterization of bacteria associated with hospital cockroaches ( Blattella germanica L.) using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry

“…(Obeng‐Nkrumah et al . 2019). The risk of cockroaches as reservoirs of MDR bacteria in health care facilities has been elucidated showing the isolation of multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogens like P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) expressing various resistance determinants (Abdolmaleki et al .…”