Household composting in North Syria case study

Abstract

The purpose of this study (Technical Assessment) is to recognize how to convert solid waste materials into composting in North Syria, Non-State Armed Group (NSAG) controlled areas, and indicates the produced mass of the compost per capita, the assessment showed that: the weather condition in the north of Syria is suitable for converting the domestic solid waste into compost within 99-111 days at the temperature: 10-350C, The volume of the compost is about: 49.3%-55.2% of the volume of the solid waste before composting, that means the composting by housed hold could minimize the volume of solid waste to 44.8%-50.7% so the environment pollution of the and cost of dealing with the solid waste will be low, in general, the loss of mass and volume will have occurred during the composting process. The productivity of compost of each family is about: 0.69 – 0.8 kg/day and the production per capita is 0.08-0.129 kg/day, and the density of the compost 851.6-933.8 kg/m3. Only 6% of people who are involved in the questionnaire in Aleppo and Idleb governorates have no access to farmland whereas 94% of people have access to the farms and about 75% of people who have access to the farmland use fertilization, 92.35% of the interviewees reported that they are not familiar with the processes of converting the domestic solid waste into compost, whereas 7.65% reported that they are familiar with the composting process, and 57.1% of them reported that they were interested to convert the solid waste into compost and 42.9% of them expressed that they were not interest of composting; data shows the reasons why people were not interested in converting the solid waste into compost:13.3% do not have the composting tools, 67.2% are not familiar with composting processes, 12.8% do not need compost and 6.7% of people need a long time to perform the composting.

Waste Composting as an Effort to Realize Kelusa, Payangan, Gianyar-Bali Village as an Ecotourism Village

“…The same condition also occurs in Syria, where based on research the people there do not know how to process household waste into compost. Composting household waste in addition to reducing the volume of waste also saves the cost of collecting, moving, and disposing of solid waste (Saghir, 2021). The special case for waste management among Indonesians is hampered by the lack of public understanding of waste management (Susilo et al, 2021).…”

A review on waste management and compost production in the Middle East–North Africa region

“…In Syria, the management of municipal solid waste is a serious challenge facing both national and local authorities due to the destruction of infrastructure, damaging or looting of collection vehicles and waste containers, devastation of government institutions, displacement of residents into safe areas as a consequence of the 2011 conflict (Noufal et al, 2020). According to Saghir (2021), current solid waste management practices include the following:…”

“…In Syria, the management of municipal solid waste is a serious challenge facing both national and local authorities due to the destruction of infrastructure, damaging or looting of collection vehicles and waste containers, devastation of government institutions, displacement of residents into safe areas as a consequence of the 2011 conflict (Noufal et al, 2020). According to Saghir (2021), current solid waste management practices include the following: There is a lack of accurate data on the quantities of the waste generated, their types and characteristics or even the waste disposal needs of the populations. Interviews by Noufal et al (2020) were conducted with the staff of the municipal waste management department in Homs, who reported that, in 2018, an average of 600 tons of municipal solid waste was generated per day and an average daily amount of 0.65 kg per person, out of which 69.1% was composed of biogenous waste.…”

“…Nevertheless, despite the high percentage of biodegradable organics, composting has never been considered as an option for solid waste management in Homs. A technical assessment was administered to understand how to convert solid waste into compost in households in North Syria, non-state armed group (NSAG) controlled areas (Saghir, 2021). The results indicate favourable weather conditions for composting with 99 to 111 days of temperatures ranging between 10°C and 35°C and a potential reduction of the volume of solid waste per household with composting by 45-50%, which lowers risk of environmental pollution and cost to manage the generated waste management.…”

“…However, 92% expressed their lack of knowledge of the composting process, with 57% interested in acquiring this knowledge. Reasons for disinterest were 13% do not have composting tools, 67% are not familiar with composting, 13% do not need compost and 6.7% are averse to the time required to perform the composting (Saghir, 2021). Raising awareness for promoting large-scale composting in the country will divert a significant fraction (>60%) of municipal solid waste from the landfills, will supplement the use of fertilisers in the agricultural sector and will reduce the expenditure on importing these fertilisers (Noufal et al, 2020).…”