Household contact with pets and birds and risk of lymphoma

Bellizzi, Saverio; Cocco, Pierluigi; Zucca, Mariagrazia; D’Andrea, Ileana; Sesler, Simonetta; Monne, Maria; Onida, Angela; Piras, Giovanna; Uras, Antonella; Angelucci, Emanuele; Gabbas, Attilio; Rais, Marco; Nitsch, Dorothea; Ennas, Maria Grazia

doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9661-z

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A previous study, conducted in the Italian center contributing to the present analysis, found a similar protective effect for non‐occupational household contact with poultry starting at age 9 or earlier 13. Here, we explored occupational contact and confirmed the protective effect in the multicenter European study, apparently extended to contact with cattle and swine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…13 Here, we explored occupational contact and confirmed the protective effect in the multicenter European study, apparently extended to contact with cattle and swine. Once divided by lymphoma subtype, age at onset of contact and type of livestock, the number of study subjects in each cell became small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…An increase in risk of various hemolymphopoietic malignancies has been reported in association with contact with livestock in general in various parts of the world,7–9 and particularly for contact with cattle9, 10 or swine11 and with meat 12. On the other hand, a protective effect against non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma has been shown following contact with other breeding species, such as sheep, rabbits and hares,10 and with domestic animals, particularly poultry, when contact started early during childhood 13. Such a protective effect could be related to the Type 1 cell‐mediated immune response against intracellular viruses and tumoral cells before thymic involution, in which interleukins, such as interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin (IL)‐2, are implicated different from those implicated in the Type 2 immune response of humoral type, including IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐10 and IL‐13 14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used data from the EPILYMPH case–control study to test the hypothesis that age at first occupational contact with several livestock species would modulate risk of lymphoma subtypes, as reported for household contact with domestic animals 13. Such opportunity was offered by the elevated prevalence among study participants of subjects born before World War II, reporting having started working at an otherwise surprising early age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphoma risk in livestock farmers: Results of the Epilymph study

Cocco

Satta

D’Andrea

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We explored the risk of lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes associated with occupational contact with livestock, and whether risk was modified by age at first contact, in 2,348 incident lymphoma cases and 2,462 controls who participated in the EPILYMPH case-control study. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls, including working in a livestock farm, species of livestock, its approximate number and circumstances of contact. For each disease outcome, and each type of livestock, odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education and center. Lymphoma risk (all subtypes combined) was not increased amongst those exposed to contact with any livestock (OR 5 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2). Overall, we did not observe an association between occupational contact with livestock and risk of lymphoma (all types) and B-cell lymphoma. The risk of diffuse large B cell lyphoma (DLBCL) was significantly lower amongst subjects who started occupational contact with any species of livestock before or at age 12 (OR 5 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), but not at older ages. A significant heterogeneity in risk of B cell lymphoma by age at first contact was detected for contact with cattle, poultry and swine. Early occupational contact with livestock might be associated with a decrease in risk of B cell lymphoma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphoma risk in livestock farmers: Results of the Epilymph study

Cocco

Satta

D’Andrea

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Another possible explanation for the difference is endotoxin exposure from dogs, since dog ownership has been associated with higher home endotoxin levels [36], and Washington state has the highest prevalence of households with dogs compared to the other study center locations (US Pet Ownership & Demographic Sourcebook, 2007, www.avma.org) (information on dog ownership was not collected in our study). Note that dog ownership has been associated with a decreased NHL risk [37, 38]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household endotoxin levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Wang

Cozen

Thorne

et al. 2013

Cancer Causes Control

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Objective Endotoxin, a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, elicits a strong innate and inflammatory immune response associated with secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Because TNF-α polymorphisms that increase TNF-α production are associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we hypothesized that increased levels of household endotoxin would be associated with an increased NHL risk. Methods We evaluated this association in the National Cancer Institute/Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (NCI/SEER) NHL multi-center population-based case-control study. Used vacuum cleaner bags were collected from participants during a home interview. Dust samples from the bags of 594 cases and 442 controls were analyzed for endotoxin (Endotoxin Unit [EU]/mg of dust) using the kinetic chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of endotoxin on NHL risk adjusted for age, sex, race, education, study center, and farm exposure. Results Endotoxin was not associated with NHL overall (odds ratio [OR] for highest quartile of endotoxin levels = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.55,1.20; P for trend=0.35), or with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR= 0.63, 95% CI= 0.34, 1.16; P= 0.31) or follicular lymphoma (OR= 0.1.07, 95% CI=0.61, 1.89; P=0.73) subtypes. Both working and living on a farm were associated with higher household endotoxin levels compared to never working (P=0.009) or living (P=0.01) on a farm. Excluding farmers from the analysis did not change the results. Conclusions We found no evidence of a role for household endotoxin in NHL etiology.

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