2000
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500098
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Household exposures to drinking water disinfection by-products: whole blood trihalomethane levels

Abstract: Exposure to drinking water disinfection by -products ( DBPs ) , such as trihalomethanes ( THMs ) , has been associated with bladder and colorectal cancer in humans. Exposure to DBPs has typically been determined by examining historical water treatment records and reconstructing study participants' water consumption histories. However, other exposure routes, such as dermal absorption and inhalation, may be important components of an individual's total exposure to drinking water DBPs. In this study, we examined … Show more

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Cited by 145 publications
(110 citation statements)
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“…Storage of cold, tap water-based beverages and heating tap water to produce hot beverages reduce the concentrations of the volatile DBPs such as the trihalomethanes (Weisel et al, 1999 ). In addition, failure to account for dermal and inhalation exposures to DBPs is likely to lead to an underestimate of total exposure (Weisel and Chen, 1994;Backer et al, 2000 ). In this study, the use of private wells was not a source of misclassification since almost all tap water consumed at home and at work was from municipal supplies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Storage of cold, tap water-based beverages and heating tap water to produce hot beverages reduce the concentrations of the volatile DBPs such as the trihalomethanes (Weisel et al, 1999 ). In addition, failure to account for dermal and inhalation exposures to DBPs is likely to lead to an underestimate of total exposure (Weisel and Chen, 1994;Backer et al, 2000 ). In this study, the use of private wells was not a source of misclassification since almost all tap water consumed at home and at work was from municipal supplies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Dermal absorption or inhalation through showering, bathing, and swimming has been shown to be a significant source of DBP exposure ( Weisel and Jo, 1996;Backer et al, 2000 ). Both pregnant and non-pregnant women took daily showers of considerable length and had frequent extended contact with water through washing and cleaning activities.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Uptake of trihalomethanes (total dose log transformed to normalize) was estimated using a combination of modeled trihalomethanes, information on personal activities via ingestion, showering and bathing and uptake factors based on the literature [21][22][23] and in an earlier analysis in Spain. 9 Uptake factors used in the analysis for water ingestion were 0.0049 ÎŒg/ÎŒg/L for total trihalomethanes, 0.00490196 for chloroform and dibromochloromethane uptake factors were used for the three brominated trihalomethanes.…”
Section: Exposure Assessment For Water Contaminantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some work has been done in developing biomarkers for THMs in blood (28)(29)(30) and exhaled breath (31)(32)(33) and HAAs in urine (33)(34)(35). The studies on HAAs in urine (33-35) involved a crosssectional sampling design that precluded evaluation of intraindividual variability and limited the assessment of interindividual variability.…”
Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning
confidence: 99%