Households' access to safely managed sanitation facility and its determinant factors in Jimma town, Ethiopia

Abstract

Safe sanitation service is vital to a healthy life and promoting well-being. However, information on the proportion of households' access to safely managed sanitation services and its determinants in urban resource-limited settings is particularly scarce in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine households' access to a safely managed sanitation service and its associated factors in Jimma, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on 782 households selected randomly. Household heads were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and facility conditions were assessed using an observation checklist. The proportion of households with access to sanitation services was presented in frequency and percentage. A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between the explanatory and dependent variables. The study found that a significant proportion of households (87%) use unsafe sanitation services. The presence of a school-attending family member, a smaller family size, heads of households engaged in private work, wives engaged in employed work, a higher monthly income, and toilet age are all associated with access to safely managed sanitation. To ensure safe sanitation access in the setting, sanitation interventions should take into account household differences; prioritize sustainable sanitation technology options in newly built toilets; improve households' economic status; and expand job opportunities and education for mothers, which demands long-term policy interventions.

Effect of demographic disparities on the use of the JMP ladders for water, sanitation, and hygiene services in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

“…Further, households having a monthly income greater than or equal to 8583.8 Birr or greater than or equal to 167 USD per head were 2.9 times higher to use basic sanitation services (AOR = 2.9 with 95% CI 2.32-3.58) than the poorest households. This result was supported by a study conducted in 2022 [36]. Also, households with a family size of four and above were 2.22 times more likely to use basic sanitation services (AOR = 2.22 with 95% CI 1.91-2.57) than those with less than four families.…”

Qualitative Analysis of Onsite Sanitation Challenges in an Urban Setting: The Case of Jimma Town, Ethiopia

“…These kebeles were purposeful, based on the previous surveys in town and the sanitation status. 18 , 21 All of the requested participants were interested in the research idea and participated voluntarily. All the participants gave their written informed consent before participating in the study.…”

“…The majority of the households used the onsite sanitation options. 18 However, the information on the challenges of providing safe onsite sanitation stems from community perception, sanitation infrastructure, and the urban development system is limited. The existing evidence and rationale for the efforts to achieve sanitation targets are limited to establishing holistic, sustainable interventions.…”

Evidence-Based User Interface Sanitation Technology Selection for Urban Slums: A Multi-Criteria Analysis; The Case of Jimma Town, Ethiopia

“…20 However, there is a huge gap in assessing slum residents’ sanitation practices in most of Ethiopia’s rapidly growing towns, particularly Jimma Town. Previous studies in Jimma town show low sanitation access at the town level, 23 but the information on the urban slum is limited. It is, therefore, necessary to illustrate and identify the practice levels, as well as their negative effects on humans and the environment.…”

“…To collect data at the household level, interview administered structure questionnaires and observation checklists (Supplemental Table S1) from a similar study that was conducted in the town at the town level were used. 23 To improve the quality of the data, 2 consecutive days of training were given to data collectors before the household survey.…”