“…Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on the Open Loop Behavior (OLB) approach, neglecting the Closed Loop Behavior (CLB) approach. Furthermore, some studies have employed a mixed leadership approach, combining OLB and CLB, but in different contexts, such as culture [ 19 ], organisational performance [ 20 , 21 ], organisational adaptability [ 22 ], personality effects [ 23 ], heterogeneity influence (Vishwakarma et al, 2020), and sectors such as the public sector [ 24 , 25 ] and Small-Medium Enterprises [ 26 ]. Thus, more research needs to be done to examine the impact of OLB and CLB on employee performance, specifically within the IT sector.…”